Thursday, October 31, 2019
Immigration, visa, I 20, I94, staying in status, ICE, SEVP, SEVIS Essay
Immigration, visa, I 20, I94, staying in status, ICE, SEVP, SEVIS - Essay Example The Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is one of the bodies that ensure the security of the nation by making sure all those who enter the nation will not endanger the country in any aspect, in any form or manner. The Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) assist the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Department of State to monitor non-immigrant students. To further this role, the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) is used to store information about the arrival and departure of non-immigrant students, exchange visitors and their dependents. Studying in the United States is both a privilege and an opportunity however, one has to stay within the rules and regulations contained in the contract, where an individual binds himself with the country as a visitor. The most important of which is staying in status. Before the student’s visa expires, he should leave the country as agreed upon otherwise, the student will definitely suffer a great loss. Such record will affect one’s further applications for travel to the country in the
Tuesday, October 29, 2019
Traditional versus Online Shopping Essay Example for Free
Traditional versus Online Shopping Essay Through the innovations of technology, human activities changed. Technology has indeed influenced the daily lives of men. Impossible things were made possible. Complicated and tiresome jobs were made easy through technological gadgets and internet. Convenience and efficiency are indeed the end purpose of these technological innovations.            One aspect of life that is significantly influenced by internet is shopping or purchasing. In shopping people can now choose between traditional and online shopping. Traditional shopping is the usual way people buy their items which is in supermarket or stores, while online shopping is done through internet. Meanwhile, traditional shopping is also referred as brick-and-mortar store (Olsen, 228) Both serves a purpose of catering the needs of buyers and at the same time profit from the transaction. In addition, both kinds of shopping offers advantage and disadvantage to the buyers.            There are some similarities of the brick-and-mortal and online stores. As to availability, buyers can buy at any time of the day and night. Due to competition some stores open and serves 24/7, even during holidays. Shopping online can also be done at any time by simply browsing through the website.            However, they differ in many ways. As to physical location, a space, store or warehouse is very important for traditional shopping, while online store do not need such space (Olsen, 235). For the buyers convenience, online shopping offers more than traditional shopping. In traditional shopping, the buyer need to go to supermarkets or stores, while in online shopping, the buyer just need to go to the URL or marketing site of the seller. Moreover, as to availability, some stores are open only within opening hours, while online shopping is available at anytime and anywhere (Olsen, 235). Besides online shopping do not require transportation to the advantage of the customer.            In traditional shopping, the buyer can see, hold, try, and test the items while online shopping only offers the buyer to see and read the description of the product (Olsen, 235). The products will directly be presented to brick-and-mortar store while it is done indirectly in online shopping. In addition to online shopping, customers are able to easily browse the types of the products, compare the features and prize to others, and check its availability (Grewal, 5). Thus, searching is made easier, convenient, and effective. Moreover, time and effort of the customer is saved in online shopping.            As to product information, the buyer needs the service of a staff to answer his queries. However, in online shopping, any additional information or inquiries is available on page or by hypertext links (Olsen, 235). Payment method also differs. In traditional shopping, payment is done manually and can the products are paid in cash, check, credit card or store card (Olsen, 235). In online shopping, the transaction is done automatically and is paid through a credit card (Olsen, 235).            In delivering the product, the buyer in traditional shopping usually gets the product at the time he purchases it. In online shopping, the customer has to wait for days before he would really enjoy the product he bought. For impatient people, online shopping is not suited for them (Olsen, 235). Sometimes, in online shopping, the customer receives a copy or similar to the description he required. Furthermore, online shopping can be stressful because the customer pays additional fees such as shipping and bank charges.            In a customer and seller relationship, traditional shopping is more beneficial. In online shopping, the merchants cannot be seen by the merchants (Philosophe.com, n. pag.). Customers cannot wander in stores, and they only have access to the presentations in the website (Philosophe.com, n. pag.). On the other hand, in traditional shopping, the customers can build relationship with the staff of the store and trust that the products they choose are quality guaranteed.            In ascertaining the type of shopping needs, it is important to weigh the benefits to be gained. It is also essential to consider the practicality of each type of shopping. These are merely alternatives but the buyer has his freedom to purchase the way he wants. Works cited Grewal, Dhruv, Iyer, Gopalkrishnan. R., Levy, Michael. â€Å"Internet retailing: enablers, limiters and market consequences.† Journal of Business Research 57 (2002): 703-713. Olsen, Kai, A. The Internet, the Web, and Ebusiness: Formalizing Applications for the Real World. Scarecrow Press, 2005. â€Å"Online vs Traditional Shopping.†Philosphe.com. 5 July 2008             http://www.philosophe.com/commerce/traditional.html
Sunday, October 27, 2019
Brazilian Jiu Jitsu A Modern Martial Art Form History Essay
Brazilian Jiu Jitsu A Modern Martial Art Form History Essay Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, the Gentle Art, is a relatively modern martial art. Its roots however stretch all the way back to the days of the samurai. How, you ask, did this system of fighting make its way to the other side of the world? It all began with the founding of Judo, the precursor to Jiu Jitsu, in the 1880s. Jigoro Kano, the founder of Judo, had studied many ancient Japanese forms and techniques. In his new style he used only the most effective techniques from the indigenous Japanese arts; he called his creation Kodokan Judo. The difference between Kanos new style and the ancient styles was that it could also be used as self defense, because non-cooperative free training was highly emphasized. This new form of training not only prepared the body, but also the mind and it changed the martial arts world as a whole. It was Judo that began the wave on other styles relying more on effectiveness and free-sparring, than on flashy techniques that do not actually work. In the late 1800s, Kanos Judo was put to the test at the Tokyo Police Tournament. There he fought many opponents and won all but two matches, which were declared a draw. His style was indeed the most effective of the time considering Jigoro Kano was smaller and weaker than the other practitioners. Judo remained undefeated for many years, until a master from a Japanese school teaching ancient fighting styles finally won. The loss came due to Kanos lack of experience at fighting on the ground, which was the opponents focus in training. After this loss, the weakness of Judo was exposed, as new schools began challenging the Kodokan Judo and winning on the ground. From this moment on, ground fighting was trained extensively at the Kodokan. A few years after ground fighting was implemented at the Kodokan, Esai Maeda began training at the school. He excelled far past his fellow students and went down in history as one of the greatest practitioners of Judo, or Judoka, in the world. He remained undefeated in his fighting career in Japan. In 1904 Professor Kano sent Maeda to the United States to help spread Judo. Throughout his travels, Maeda fought countless opponents; some say he even had over a thousand matches. He is credited as having a spotless record, with zero losses. All over the world, this new Judo was catching on, as the style proved more effective than others. At his retirement, Maeda was literally a human encyclopedia of Judo, and he wanted to share his knowledge. In the early 1900s Maeda decided to move to Brazil with the wave of Japanese immigrants going there. He settled in Rio de Janeiro and established a Judo school there. One of his first students was the now famous, Carlos Gracie. Gracie excelled just as Maeda had years ago and eventually became the best student. Carlos eventually went on to open his own school. Throughout the years, Gracie and his brothers continued to teach and perfect their Judo. The youngest of the brothers, Helio, was not allowed to train because he was very weak and constantly ill. He took notes and gave tips on how to make moves more effective and helped his brothers develop their own style. In 1928 Carlos Gracie and his brothers cannot teach a lesson at their school, so youngest brother Helio fills in for them. Even with his weak and frail body, he was able to maneuver and control his students. He had finally perfected the art of Judo; this new form of Judo became known as Gracie Jiu Jitsu, or Brazilian Jiu Jitsu. The brothers were amazed at young Helios incredible technique. What made him so good was that he used his opponents weight and force against them. He was a smart man and used his knowledge in physics to help him by incorporating levers and momentum into his newly developed style. In 1931 the professional boxer, Antonio Portugal, was defeated by Helio, proving that with Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, a smaller and less athletic person could beat a larger and more athletic one. His goal was to provide anyone of any size the techniques in which you could defend yourself against any one of any size. This was only the first of countless victories that the Gracie family would see. In the 1940s Helio challenged Joe Louis, the professional heavyweight champion of boxing, to prove the superiority of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu. The boxer, who looked like a giant next to Gracie, declined and the two never fought. The two actually became friends and taught one another their techniques. Years later, at the peak of Helios fighting days, he fought Masahiko Kimura who was considered to be the best Japanese fighter at the time. Kimura outweighed Gracie by over eighty pounds, and was much stronger. Helio fought for over thirteen minutes before he was caught in a shoulder lock that broke his shoulder. Still, he did not give up and continued to fight, until his brother threw in the towel to prevent any serious injury. Kimura was so impressed with the performance of Helio and his modified style that he invited him to teach it at schools in Japan. The last of his memorable fights was the one against Waldemar Santana. Santana was 20 years younger and heavier than Gracie, he also studied at the Gracie Academy. The fight went on and on for about five hours, with Santana as the victor. Even though Helio lost, his style proved supreme. He was able to defend himself against a much younger and stronger assailant for hours at a time. It also proved to be effective in self defense, because the young challenger also knew the secrets of Jiu Jitsu, where an attacker on the street would probably not. In the early 1980s Rorion Gracie, Helios eldest son, moved to California to spread the familys Brazilian Jiu Jitsu. He was not welcomed at martial arts schools with his unorthodox methods and unusual fighting style. This eventually led to him inviting martial artists of all styles from around the world for a match against him. The event came to be known as the Gracie Challenge. Gracies Jiu Jitsu proved more effective than every challengers martial art, including Kung Fu, wrestling, boxing, and karate. The challenge was made to prove that simple yet effective movements are crucial to self defense, rather than flashy and eye-catching techniques. The Gracie family finally got their big break in 1994 when Rorion Gracie began the Ultimate Fighting Championship, or the UFC. In this competition martial styles were put up against one another without any restrictions or weight classes. Royce Gracie, the youngest of Rorions brothers, was the first to compete. He ended up winning the entire competition, making opponents much larger than him submit. Once again, Brazilian Jiu Jitsu proved to be the most effective and realistic martial art. After the first few Ultimate Fighting Championships the popularity of Jiu Jitsu skyrocketed in the U.S.; everyone wanted to learn the art. Around this time many of the other Gracie family members began to move to the United States and Japan. Rickson Gracie, considered by many to have been the greatest fighter in the world, revolutionized the sport. He combined all of the techniques his elders taught him, with those from practitioners around the world. He became a complete athlete when he began developing his strength and agility, which, when added to Jiu Jitsu, only made it easier for him to win. He went on to defeat many of the greatest fighters in the world. He eventually retired when his son died, with a record of only wins. Rickson Gracie founded the Rickson Gracie International Jiu-Jitsu Association in 1996 in order to provide a thorough and complete system in which Jiu-Jitsu students, for the first time, are presented with clearly defined standards of progression relating to proper Belt Ranking and Testing. Through the Association, the traditional, technical and philosophical aspects of Jiu-Jitsu can be shared wit h students around the world. (rickson.com) Nowadays, Brazilian Jiu Jitsu is everywhere, from various academies around the world, to police academies, and even the army. Throughout the years it has proved to be the most effective martial art as a whole. The ever-growing popularity of the UFC, and mixed martial arts in general, is associated with the boom in popularity of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu. The championship has now reached its one hundred and fourteenth event. Every fighter currently fighting in the UFC, and any mixed martial arts tournament, has some knowledge of Jiu Jitsu, whether for defense or offense. So even though Brazilian Jiu Jitsu originated from Judo, it has many differences, such as those of body mechanics.
Friday, October 25, 2019
A Sense of Place in Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Pride and Pr
A Sense of Place in Austen's Pride and Prejudice It is interesting to observe Dictionary.com's definition of the word "place" in relation to "person". Especially when it comes to Pride and Prejudice, where Austen has made great use of the objective correlative technique, in which many, if not all, of her settings considerably reflect the characteristics of their owners. She additionally employs several other techniques regarding the sense of place in her novel, which are important not only in the facilitation of numerous plot points, but also in establishing and understanding her characters and their relationships. So what are these techniques, and why are they so effective? To find the answers to such questions, we should look closely at Austen's methods of incorporating a sense of place into her novel. The technique of objective correlative is often used in establishing the qualities of a character by having them reflected in that character's surroundings. These can be material objects, belongings, or in Austen's case, locations. If we take a look at the setting of Rosings, we see that it is described as ostentatious, overwhelming, and, in comparison to Pemberley, the other grand country estate, rather garish: From the entrance hall, of which Mr. Collins pointed out, with a rapturous air, the fine proportion and finished ornaments, they followed the servants.... In spite of having been at St. James's, Sir William was so completely awed by the grandeur surrounding him, that he had but just courage enough to make a very low bow, and take his seat without saying a word; and his daughter, frightened almost out of her senses, sat on the edge of her chair, not knowing which way to look. (p. 121) S... ...m. Through usage of the objective correlative, readers can gain a great deal of insight into the characters themselves, and thus further enjoy the novel with an enhanced understanding of Austen's creations. She also establishes a sense of balance by having the more influential events of the story take place in the openness of the great outdoors, and those of less import occur within the boundaries of the inside. Additionally, Austen has her characters travel to various parts of Great Britain, which allows for correspondence in the form of letters (serving to facilitate the necessary delay of action) and for mistakes to be made. Austen has made great use of the sense of place in Pride and Prejudice, and her techniques coalesce to deepen the reader's understanding, to give a sense of balance, and to effectively enhance the enjoyment of a delightful story.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Mineral and Water Function
There are over 20 minerals you need to maintain a healthy diet. Some you may only need in small quantities, but major minerals require higher amounts such as sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006, Chapter 9). Minerals have many functions and are essential to the body structure and the regulatory process that maintain life. We consume minerals from animals and plants. The iron content of meat is predictable because the iron is part of a protein in muscle that gives the meat its red color. In other foods, minerals are present as contaminants; where a food is grown and how it is processed can affect its mineral content. †(Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006, Chapter 9). Major sources of minerals are milk, eggs, meats, peas, fruits, cereals, whole grains, fish, and poultry. Water has numerous functions it performs in the body some of which include: moistening tissues, lubricating joints, regulating body temperature, protecting organs and tissues, helping prevent constipation, helping dissolve minerals and other nutrients to make them accessible to the human body, lessening the burden on the kidneys and liver by flushing out waste products, and carrying nutrients and oxygen to cells (â€Å"Mayo Clinic†, 2013). The depletion of water, dehydration, will have more rapid symptoms than any other nutrient deficiency in your body (Grosvenor & Smolin, Chapter 9, 2006). Body weight is about 60% water for the average adult. Water bathes the cells of the body and lubricates and cleanses internal and external body surfaces. â€Å"Watery tears lubricate the eyes and wash away dirt, synovial fluid lubricates the joints, and saliva lubricates the mouth, making it easier to chew and swallow food. Water resists compression so it cushions body compartments such as the joints and eyeballs against shock. The cushioning effect of water in the amniotic sac protects the fetus as it grows inside a pregnant woman. (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006, Chapter 9). Water is an excellent solvent; glucose, amino acids, minerals, and many other substances needed by body cells dissolve in water. The chemical reactions of metabolism that support life take place in water. (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006, Chapter 9). The general effects of dehydration are fatigue, muscle weakness, poor concentration, headaches, dizziness or lightheadedness, and decreased metabolism (â€Å"Functional Fitne ss Facts†, 2013). Mild to moderate dehydration can be treated easily and generally doesn’t cause permanent damage with preventable intake of water consumption. The consumption of water and minerals has great effects on everyday body functions. I have learn how cereal can be extremely beneficial for receiving nutrients we don’t normally get, especially me with my diet. If I implement cereal I will receive a lot of important nutrients. Secondly the many functions of water are important to our everyday expenditures. Sneezing, coughing, crying and cannot be done without water.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
In what ways can an organization’s structure and culture be internal strengths or weaknesses Essay
Every organization has a corporate structure and culture these vary based on several variables. I will discuss the most common which is a divisional structure, which is appropriate for a large corporation as well. According to our text regardless of the size of a company to be strong the basic structure within the company must easily support a strategy under consideration by top management. Management in turn must decide whether the proposed strategy is feasible or if the structure should be changed to reflect the company’s mission. Basically a company must clearly define their mission, objectives, strategies and end goal. To be successful the company must in turn structure management, divisions, and employees in a strategic way in order to gain a successful outcome. Unsuccessful companies that I have been a part of tend to have a strategic structure in place, but the weakness comes in as soon as they quit following the plan or deviate from the structure. From my experience a structure is as successful as the culture within the company. The internal values, beliefs and expectations if clearly shared and followed by all employees will directly affect the success of a company. According to our text in order to be successful a corporate culture will fulfill these functions: 1.Convey a sense of identity for employees. 2.Help generate employee commitment to something greater than themselves. 3.Adds to stability of the organization as a social system. 4.Serves as a frame of reference for employees to use to make sense of organizational activities and to use as a guide for appropriate behavior. When a company does not fulfill these functions you will find weakness as well as unhappy employees, which in my opinion can be one of the greatest weaknesses any company can have. The key to success is to follow the strategies and fulfill a corporation’s mission thus meeting their objectives. I have been a part of very successful company’s as well as some that have been unsuccessful. I have found that the easiest way to weaken a structure is when management does not listen to or value their employees input. Other areas of weakness are when management doesn’t honor their word or the company goals. An achilles heal for any company is a weak inefficient human resources department. When the HR team hires ineffective and unreliable managers they must immediately jump in and begin to train or assist that manager in following the company’s strategic plan, or let go of that manager after a time. Otherwise the employees of that department will negatively affect the culture so fast and it is incredibly difficult and lengthy to rebuild that culture. Not only do you loose valuable employees, but disgruntled employees begin to speak negatively about the company to family, friends, and social media. This causes any company time and money to repair their culture within and outside of the company, hence great weakness arises.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Thirty Years War essays
Thirty Years War essays There have been many religious wars through out history but upon analysis seldom were the wars based solely upon religious issues. One example was the Thirty Years War, which took place from 1618-1648 and involved most of the major European powers of the time. It has been considered a religious war because the increase in religious intolerance and religious rivalries was the main cause of the war but as the war progressed it became less about religion and more about territory and dynastic issues. The war can be broken down into four distinct periods ( Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, and Swedish-French) and the relative importance of the religious rivalries and dynastic ambitions were different for each period. Religion was the primary cause of the war during the Bohemian period (1618-1625). This is not to say that some dynastic ambitions were absent. It started when King Ferdinand a catholic was crowned king of Bohemia. Most Bohemians were Protestant and were upset with King Ferdinands intolerance with there religious beliefs. King Ferdinand was a catholic who wanted to restore Catholicism throughout the empire. Two years later he became Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire which alarmed protestants who thought they would lose there religious rights. Because of this Bohemians rebelled and deposed Ferdinand and named Frederick V as king. Ferdinand financial help from the Pope, Spanish troops and troops from Catholic Bovaria defeated Fredrick the fifth at White Mountain. Emperor Ferdinand regained the Bohemian Throne and re-catholicization of Bohemia began. During the Danish period (1625-1629) Religion was a factor in the war however the Dynastic ambitions of Ferdinand and of the king of Denmark was the primary factor. The King of Denmark at the time was fearful that the power of the Habsburgs where getting to strong. The King also wanted to expand his territory and gain control over the Elbe River. The king of Denmark ...
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Guide to a Successful Nursing Career
Guide to a Successful Nursing Career Are you thinking about becoming a nurse? A nursing career is always a safe bet, no matter what the economic climate because it is a career that is in high demand. So whether you’re a new nurse or a veteran, this guide will walk you through step by step.Explore a variety of nursing career optionsMaybe you’re not sure where to start with your job search. Whether you’re a current nurse looking for a new gig or just starting out of nursing school, the following articles can lead you on the way.Top 7 highest paying nursing jobs10 nursing careers you didn’t know existed5 types of nursing specialty careers [infographic]Nursing job listingsIn fact, TheJobNetwork has thousands of listings for you to explore, no matter what nursing career field you hope to enter. Check a few out below, and search for yourself to find the specific type of nursing that interests you.Registered NurseLicensed Practical NurseNurse PractitionerCritical Care NurseEmergency Room Nurse Or sign up for TheJobNetwork to receive the perfect nursing job matches based on your profile.Consider nursing as a career changeOr maybe you’re diving into the nursing career pool after years toiling away at another career. You’re not alone–many decide nursing is for them well into their working years.Why nursing is a popular option for career changersDesign the perfect application package to get a nursing jobIf you’re in the midst of your application process, check out the below on how to best structure your application package in order to impress hiring staff and get the job you want.How to ace your nursing interviewHow to create a nursing resume to get you hired8 steps to creating a great nursing resumeHear from seasoned nurses what really goes onYou’ll never know what really goes on in such a high stress and emotional career until you’re in the thick of it. It’s best to learn from seasoned nurses what to expect–both great and terrible. They’ll have the info on what you need to succeed†¦and survive.6 secret weapons you won’t learn in nursing school10 of the most inspirational parts of nursingThe top 10 secrets nurses never tell their patients [infographic]Learn why nursing is super-tough and how to deal with hard daysIf you’re currently toiling in the trenches, you know with the highest of highs also come the lowest of lows–it’s inevitable in a career where people’s lives are literally in your hands.22 reasons being a nurse is really hard7 stress management techniques for nursesArrive at your first nursing job preparedYou might have a picture in your head of what a nurse looks like. You likely have encountered nurses in various medical establishments throughout your life, either as a patient or as an advocate for a loved one. But if your first day is approaching, it’s great to come armed with the tools you need to impress†¦and again, to survive. (a common theme!)14 things you need to know as a new nurseYou’re either considering or are already on the wonderful, twisty, and rewarding road of nursing. Good luck, and we thank you for all you do!
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Apush Midterm Review Essay Example for Free
Apush Midterm Review Essay A. All classes will have the Causes and Effects of the Mexican War, which has been discussed in class. B. All classes will have 2 choices for their second essay. 1. One possibility for Essay #2 is Causes and Effects of the French and Indian War. This essay should be structured in 4 paragraphs. The first paragraph includes background info leading up to the conflict and your thesis statement. Paragraphs 2 and 3 discuss the causes and effects and paragraph 4 is your conclusion- what happens next (Revolutionary War). It is a good idea to reiterate your thesis statement as well. 2. Another possibility is the Causes and Effects of the Revolutionary War. This essay should be structured in four paragraphs as well. The first paragraph should include background info (such as French and Indian War, end of Salutary Neglect) and your thesis statement. One paragraph should discuss causes and one effects. Your fourth paragraph is your conclusion – what happens next. 3. Another possibility is the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Paragraph one should discuss what happened briefly before the A of C and your thesis statement. Paragraph two, the strengths (3 that we discussed: brought the country together for the first time, negotiated the end of the Revolutionary War, and the Land Ordinances) and Paragraph 3 the weaknesses (among many- the lack of power to tax, only one branch etc.). Paragraph 4, your conclusion and what happens next (Constitutional Convention). 4. Another possibility is Causes and Effects of the War of 1812. First paragraph is background info and thesis statement. Paragraph 2 is the Causes (impressment, arming Native Americans in the Old Northwest etc.) and Paragraph 3, the Effects (huge surge of nationalism, National anthem written etc.). Paragraph 4 is your conclusion and what happens next. 5. Another possibility is to discuss the reforms that came out of the Second Great Awakening. This essay can be 4 or 5 paragraphs depending upon how you discuss the reforms. Your first paragraph will discuss background info and thesis statement. The next 2 or 3 paragraphs should discuss the 5 major reforms: abolition of slavery, educational reforms, mental health reform, temperance, and woman’s rights. These paragraphs should include reforms made and the people involved (for instance- Dorothea Dix with mental health). Also discuss whether the reforms actually were realized or just set up change for the future. Last paragraph should be your conclusion and what happens next. 6. The last possibility is to discuss the Marshall Court and the Taney Court. The first paragraph should have background information; such as John Jay was first Chief Justice, and your thesis statement. Paragraphs 2 and 3 should discuss the Marshall Court and the Taney Court: how they ruled (strong central government for Marshall, state’s rights for Taney etc.), examples of court cases (Marbury v. Madison, Dred Scott decision- give a minimum of 3 cases for Marshall and 2 for Taney). Paragraph 4 should be your conclusion and what happens next. Your essays need to give specific factual information and be well structured to get full credit. Stay on topic- show your knowledge of the time period right before the question at hand and what happens as a result of the events discussed. You will not be penalized for spelling errors since this is an in -class writing, but essays should make sense and flow. Apush Midterm Review. (2017, Jan 01).
Friday, October 18, 2019
Organization Analysis - Wal-Mart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Organization Analysis - Wal-Mart - Essay Example The organization has a reputable brand that is globally recognized allowing it to outshine competitors in the field. The company’s brand is distinct; furthermore, Wal-mart has established a group of loyal customers. Spotts (2005) asserts that consumers usually respond to less costly products to sustain their daily needs especially in a current time of economic hardships. Since the company makes purchases in large quantities, it obtains huge discounts that it can pass to its customers. This enables it to offer products at a reduced cost. Furthermore, the organization manufactures its own products allowing it to sell them at subsidized rates. Wal-Mart’s huge capital and customer friendly operations promote the marketing capacity. The strategic pricing is the prominent marketing strength that offers the company a competitive advantage. The organization has a policy that governs the procedures for determining prices for the products. This restricts management from hedging p rices. Furthermore, the company conducts a Rollback promotion strategy that targets customers. This system lowers the prices of the already subsidized products making the company out-price their competitors. The company understands the concept of customer value as highlighted in their customer-oriented scheme. The organization has one of the best contentment guaranteed models that enhances customer goodwill. The organization allows customers to return the purchased products that do not please them and claim a refund.
United States of America and sale of weapons Essay
United States of America and sale of weapons - Essay Example Many world leaders like the then Russia President Vladimir Puttin expressed their concerns that the US ideas of creating a uni-polar world was the main cause for increased arms race that seems to have reawakened since the era of the cold war.There have been other sentiments that the idea of US to arms its allies while it works hard to curtail their rights to develop defensive weapons is a world catastrophe that may explode to war at any time.In most of the time, the arms transfer by the US has ended up in fuelling conflicts in the region where the arms are exported. There have also been a lot of abuses of human rights by the regime which acquires the arms. The high level of tension that is caused by these transfer have always escalated to conflicts. For example the recent decision by the US to provide F-16 fighter jets to Pakistan which has been upheld with an aim of providing compatible military hardware to threat of rivals like Indian have lead to a lot of tension between the two n ations which is feared that it might soon escalate to conflicts. Rather than bring forces of stability in these regimes, US weapons sales has shown to serve as the source of power of conflicts, unstable and undemocratic regime which is detrimental to the US security in the world and the global security at large. There is already a big conflict between the two nations and India has expressed that the sell of F-16 jet to Pakistan is not meant to fight the Al-Qaeda as the US proposes but it is rather meant to fight India. It has been shown that the two countries have fought each other for more that 3 times and once one of the country acquired high tech weapons, the other will not feel safe and it is likely to acquire the same weapons in order to protect itself. Therefore the US may be creating a lucrative market for the jet since India is also likely to buy the same or other at a higher level (Deconde 2002, p. 534). The ABC of arms sales in the US There are two ways that have been used by the arms manufacturers in the US to sell their weapons to other nations. One of such way is the Foreign Military Sales which are government-to-government sales that are based on an agreement that has been negotiated by the two nations ostensibly involving the pentagon and the purchasing nation. The other one is the direct commercial sales which involves an agreement that it agreed between the manufacturing company and the country that wants to purchase the arms. This is then licensed the state department which gives the approval for the sale of the arms. (Gary 2003, p. 4) The US government in most cases can transfer from the stock of weapons that it is holding which can be for free or at a reduced price. This is usually implemented through the Excess Defense Articles (EDA). Allied government is also allowed to receive fast track grants of weapons in order to address crisis situation in their countries through the Emergency Drawdown Program. The above two departments are managed by the department of the Defense (Ohlson, 2006 p. 3). US is the top provide of weapons The US has consistently used the technologies that it has developed in its industries as the currency of friendly is not with the foreign nations where it has an interest to protect. It has been increasing its exports of deadly technology which helps to fuel conflicts in this nations rather than helping to bring peace and stability. With time, the US has been increasing its military export to regimes which are considered unstable like the Middle East and some parts of Africa. This has been against the pledge of President Bush of ending tyrannical in the world by fighting for the protection of democratic institutions and helping the world to come to peace with one another (Kriegers 2001, p. 121). The experience that US has had with Iran and Iraq has demonstrated that selling of arms to the strategic allies can sometimes backfire and work
WOMEN AND LAW Oral presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
WOMEN AND LAW Oral presentation - Essay Example wever, section 1(1) of the Street Offences Act, 1959 (as amended by Sexual Offences Act 2003, section 56, schedule 1, paragraph 2) states that â€Å"it shall be an offence for a common prostitute whether male or female to loiter or solicit in a street or public place for the purpose of prostitution†. To understand whether Topaz’s activities qualify as an offence under Section 1(1) of the Street Offences Act, 1959 it is first essential to analyse whether Topaz qualifies as a â€Å"common prostitute†. The term â€Å"common prostitute†has not been defined by statute though it has been part of statute law since 1824. The term â€Å"common†was criticised during the debates on the Street Offences Bill, which became the Street Offences Act 1959. The Criminal Law Revision Committee Working Paper on â€Å"Offences relating to Prostitution and allied offences†published in December 1982 stated, inter alia, â€Å"the word ‘common’ should be removed from the expression, ‘common prostitute’†. In R. v. De Munck (1918) 82 J.P.160 CCA, the Court held that, â€Å"the term ‘common prostitute’ is not limited so as to mean only one who permits acts of lewdness with all and sundry, or with such as have her, when such acts are in the nature of ordinary sexual connection. We are of the opinion that prostitution is proved if it is shown that a woman offers her body commonly for lewdness for payment in return.†The decision was cited with approval by the same court in R. v. Webb [1964] 1 QB 357 where the proprietor of a massage establishment was found guilty of procuring and attempting to procure masseuses to become common prostitutes. The court followed De Munck and dismissed a contention that the definition should be confined to cases where a woman takes a passive rather than an active role in the lewd activities. In R. v. Morris-Lowe [1985] 1 ALL.E.R. 400, the court held that a â€Å"common prostitute was any woman who offered herself commonly for lewdness for reward. The
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Contract of Service or Contract of Employment Research Paper
Contract of Service or Contract of Employment - Research Paper Example In another recent case namely Express and Echo Publications Ltd v. Tanton (1999), the Court of Appeal held that if a person is not required to work personally, he was not an employee. In yet another case of 2001, MacFarlane v Glasgow City Council (2001), the Employment Appeals Tribunal distinguished the above Tanton case. The Glasgow City Council had engaged gymnast trainers at the various centres of the council. If a trainer was unable to take a class, she could substitute herself by another gymnast who was on the approved list of coaches maintained by the council. The substitutes were paid by the council and not the gymnast trainer. In Tanton case, the substitute could be from outside and he was paid by the individual and not the employer. Thus he was not expected to turn up for work and could send a substitute for a lesser price and make a profit out of it. He himself became the master. In an earlier case of O’Kelly v Trusthouse Forte Plc (1983), regular casuals were held t o be not employees since there was no mutuality of obligation and they were only kept as standby. Although the court of Appeal tried to give a finding that they were employees, since they had no business of their own, that the employer had effective control over the casual workers, that there were discipline and grievance procedures, that they should take permission to take off from rostered duties, the fact that they were self-employed, revealed that there was no mutuality of obligation i.e the workers did not have the right to claim work if not offered nor they were under obligation to accept work if offered with work.
Unit Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Unit Plan - Assignment Example More over, lessons are outlined as well as supportive assessments and assignments that will aid student in learning. Student learning materials, resources and units background information are also included in this plan. Probability is the number of favorable outcomes with reference to the total number of possible outcomes. This is established depending on the nature of the event i.e. independent or dependant as well as the presence of replacement since order matter. It is therefore very important to note that there is a huge difference between the theoretical and there experimental probability of any event. More over, sample spaces can be formed from possible outcomes and be determined through the application of the counting principle or through permutation or combination. This should be done to ensure that the student to understand this unit and be able to compute probable outcomes from an event. Further more, practical demonstration should be used frequently to demonstrate the main bases of this unit. Class quizzes and home works should be a very important tool of teaching this unit to encourage self assessment. This lesson is inclusive of introduction which should not take more than 5 minutes. The remaining time should be distributed equally to the sub topics as out lined in the week’s plan. At the end of this lesson students should be able to differentiate the terms as well as be able to work out probability problems under this category. A very brief discussion of the previous day’s lesson should be discussed to remind the student about the unit. In this lesson it should be mentioned how a certain order will affect the probability of an outcome. This can be demonstrated by the use of different colored balls for students to see the order in which the colors emerge. In this lesson permutation will also be revisited. This lesson is about the
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
WOMEN AND LAW Oral presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
WOMEN AND LAW Oral presentation - Essay Example wever, section 1(1) of the Street Offences Act, 1959 (as amended by Sexual Offences Act 2003, section 56, schedule 1, paragraph 2) states that â€Å"it shall be an offence for a common prostitute whether male or female to loiter or solicit in a street or public place for the purpose of prostitution†. To understand whether Topaz’s activities qualify as an offence under Section 1(1) of the Street Offences Act, 1959 it is first essential to analyse whether Topaz qualifies as a â€Å"common prostitute†. The term â€Å"common prostitute†has not been defined by statute though it has been part of statute law since 1824. The term â€Å"common†was criticised during the debates on the Street Offences Bill, which became the Street Offences Act 1959. The Criminal Law Revision Committee Working Paper on â€Å"Offences relating to Prostitution and allied offences†published in December 1982 stated, inter alia, â€Å"the word ‘common’ should be removed from the expression, ‘common prostitute’†. In R. v. De Munck (1918) 82 J.P.160 CCA, the Court held that, â€Å"the term ‘common prostitute’ is not limited so as to mean only one who permits acts of lewdness with all and sundry, or with such as have her, when such acts are in the nature of ordinary sexual connection. We are of the opinion that prostitution is proved if it is shown that a woman offers her body commonly for lewdness for payment in return.†The decision was cited with approval by the same court in R. v. Webb [1964] 1 QB 357 where the proprietor of a massage establishment was found guilty of procuring and attempting to procure masseuses to become common prostitutes. The court followed De Munck and dismissed a contention that the definition should be confined to cases where a woman takes a passive rather than an active role in the lewd activities. In R. v. Morris-Lowe [1985] 1 ALL.E.R. 400, the court held that a â€Å"common prostitute was any woman who offered herself commonly for lewdness for reward. The
Unit Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Unit Plan - Assignment Example More over, lessons are outlined as well as supportive assessments and assignments that will aid student in learning. Student learning materials, resources and units background information are also included in this plan. Probability is the number of favorable outcomes with reference to the total number of possible outcomes. This is established depending on the nature of the event i.e. independent or dependant as well as the presence of replacement since order matter. It is therefore very important to note that there is a huge difference between the theoretical and there experimental probability of any event. More over, sample spaces can be formed from possible outcomes and be determined through the application of the counting principle or through permutation or combination. This should be done to ensure that the student to understand this unit and be able to compute probable outcomes from an event. Further more, practical demonstration should be used frequently to demonstrate the main bases of this unit. Class quizzes and home works should be a very important tool of teaching this unit to encourage self assessment. This lesson is inclusive of introduction which should not take more than 5 minutes. The remaining time should be distributed equally to the sub topics as out lined in the week’s plan. At the end of this lesson students should be able to differentiate the terms as well as be able to work out probability problems under this category. A very brief discussion of the previous day’s lesson should be discussed to remind the student about the unit. In this lesson it should be mentioned how a certain order will affect the probability of an outcome. This can be demonstrated by the use of different colored balls for students to see the order in which the colors emerge. In this lesson permutation will also be revisited. This lesson is about the
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Fate in Oedipus the King Essay Example for Free
Fate in Oedipus the King Essay Tragedy of Oedipus is about pre-destination vs free-will. Fate does play a part in the tragic down fall of Oedipus but it does not mean that his character and disposition has no liability for that. Excessive arrogance and self-confidence of Oedipus is the main cause of his tragedy. He harbors unjustified suspicions against Tiresias and Creon; in one place he goes so far as to express some uncertainty about the prophetic natures of oracles and truth of their prophecies. It is hardly likely that even a combination of all these would be equal to what Aristotle considered to be a serious hamartia, and it would not be very relevant to the point at issue even if he did, for Oedipus has committed incest and parricide years before the action of the play began, and before he exhibited any of the failing mentioned above. It would hardly be logical to say that the gods punished Oedipus for a crime which he was to commit many days later. Another view is that the present failings of Oedipus may be taken to means that he was he was always like that, and his tragedy comes due some inherent or innate unsoundness in his character. So he is not a puppet in the hands of fate. But Sophocles also illustrates that it was fate that brought him to Thebes and it was gain fate that he came across someone at where three highways came together. It was his fate that he married his mother. Above all, fate has played a pivotal role in his life from the very start and has not dealt with him even-handedly. The divine will as predicted and proclaimed by the oracle was absolute and it has nothing good about Oedipus. Although certain measures were taken by the King and Queen) to escape from that proclaimed destiny but it became the cause for the tragic downfall of Oedipus. That is the reason that Oedipus says after blinding himself. God. God. / Is there a sorrow greater? /Where shall I find harbor in this world? / My voice is hurled far on a dark wind. / What has God done to me? (Sophocles 831) Dodds writes about the nature of fate as demonstrated by Oedipus that fate is inevitably and inexorably bound to happen no matter what Oedipus may have done to avoid it (Dodds 21).
Monday, October 14, 2019
The Development Of Sport Tourism Industry Tourism Essay
The Development Of Sport Tourism Industry Tourism Essay 1.0 Introduction Tourism and sports are the emerging trend in todays culture. These trends had been influenced by human social attitudes, technological advancement, economic and political circumstances. Both sport and tourism activities are organized all over the world regardless of national borders. 1.1 Definition of Sport tourism Sport tourism is a prevalent and growing phenomenon. According to Gibson (2006), sport tourism is defined as leisure-based travel that takes individuals temporarily outside of their home communities to participate in physical activities [Active Sport Tourism], to watch physical activities [Event Sport Tourism], or to venerate attractions associated with physical activities [Nostalgia Sport Tourism]. 1.2 Development of sport tourism industry During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (1880-1910), development of sport took place. Sports were transformed through such developments as the codification of rules, bureaucratization (the development and regulation of competitions), specialization of player roles, quantification (measurement of performance) and the maintenance of records of achievement (Guttmann, 1974, in Higham, 2005). Competitive sports were contested in local, regional or national leagues. In 1970s and 1980s, second period of dynamic change in the development of sport took place. (Halberstam, 1999, in Higham, 2005) examines the emergence of cable television and the broadcast of live sport initiated by ESPN in 1978. The development of commercial and medial interests in sport together with the emergence of new forms of sport celebrity brought about a dominant feature in sport tourism. This had resulted in a growing market for holidays filled with sports content. Sport, sport teams, sport events and sport facilities had been transformed into tourism industry. Sport is an important expression of culture at a tourism destination. The prominence of sports and sports people in the national and international media is such that sport has become a powerful tool in destination marketing (British Tourist Authority, 2000, in Higham, 2005) 1.3 Overview of the sport tourism industry According to Standeven De Knop (1999), sport tourist are categorize as active or passive. Active sport tourists engage in sport activity holidays. Sport is the main purpose of the trip. Passive sport tourist can be grouped according to how important sport is the purpose of the trip. They are those who have extensive passive involvement and are discriminating in the sports activity they watch as spectators or facilitators. Today, many people participate in or watch sports across the world. Due to an increase in media attention, people are becoming more aware of the health and recreational benefits that sport tourism provide. There had been a growing number of travel companies that print brochures to advertise on sports and adventure holidays, for example, scuba diving in Kenya, mountain climbing in Sabah. 2.0 Market Analysis Over the years, we can see an increase in tourist arrivals all around the world. It is seen to be an important phenomenon that will engage and excite people at the same time. Throughout this report, the focus will be on sport tourism in Australia. Sport tourism contributes significantly to Australian economy. Australia is recognised internationally as a nation that is very involved with sports. According to Australian Government (2008), itemised consumption for recreation, cultural and sports services was $2 953 million. In 2008-2009, Australian government had invested $3.8 billion into arts and recreation service. This shows that they are continuously improving the recreation services to meet the demand of sports tourist and players. The hosting of the Sydney 2000 Olympics had provided Australia with a unique opportunity. It allows Australia to showcase the world as a tourism destination and as a country with the ability to stage such major events. According to The Independent (2010), it states that during the Sydney Olympics held in 2000, Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) said 4.94 million people made short-term visits to Australia. This is an increase of 11% or 480 000 people from the previous record in 1999. The increase was due mostly to a dramatic surge in tourist arrivals in the month of December, a rise of 23% on the same month in 1999. Sports had become part of Australian lifestyle. It plays a vital role in Australian culture. This experience is a motivating factor that attracts international visitors to Australia. According to a survey conducted by ABS (2005-2006), 66% of the population aged 15years and above (10.5million people) participated as a player at least once during the 12 months prior to interview in one or more sports or physical recreation activities. Participation rate was highest for the 25 to 34 year age group (75%) then declined with age to 49% for people aged 65 years and above. In order for marketers to reach out to the target segment successfully, here are some of the marketing strategies adopted by Australia to promote sports tourism. It is important that sports marketers consider how each of the marketing mix elements is integrated and related to each of the other elements. For example, if sport products are not priced correctly, it will result in a major impact on how consumers view the organisations. 2.1 Product In sports tourism, the product will be the game itself. For example, during Sydney Olympic Games 2000, the product will be the games played. Products can be differentiated into tangible and intangible product. The tangible elements of a sports product are the participants who play the sports, the type of competition or game played, merchandising (T-shirts, equipment, souvenirs etc), and venue facilities. The intangible elements are the impressions, expressions, emotions that people have about the sports whether they are participants or spectators. (Summers et al, 2005a) Sports products are similar to the characteristics of services. They are perishable, inseparable, heterogeneous and intangible. Perishable once event of the game had ended, there will not be any live competition anymore Inseparable sports products are produced and consumed simultaneously when participants, officials and fans create the event Heterogeneous each sporting event and experience is different for everyone Intangible many of the elements for sports product are intangible 2.2 Price In the context of sports tourism, price refers to the purchase of tickets to watch the sporting event. Differential pricing strategy is common for many sports products. It meant that different price are allocated for different seats, or different privileges included in the ticket. According to Morgan Summers (2005), for most professional stadium-based sports, the revenue from the ticket price is less than the revenue expected from media rights and corporate hospitality sales. For example, the Melbourne Commonwealth Games 2006, the price range are categorized into A, B, C, D and Family. Price category A ticket price $590 Price category B ticket price $420 Prize category C ticket price $250 Prize category D ticket price $100 Family category ticket price range from $300 to $525 The organizing committee had price the ticket into different category so that it can reach out to different market segment. Spectators who purchased category A tickets would have a better and closer view of the competition. Family category tickets target at parents who wanted to bring their children to watch the competition together. It is priced slightly cheaper so as to encourage family bonding and to motivate these children to watch the competition. From the Australian Bureau of Statistics, it reveals that there was a 15% increase in the number of international arrivals to Australia in September 2000, the month of the Games, compared to the previous year. 2.3 Place Place refer to the distribution channel where spectators can buy the tickets to watch the competition and the location where the competition takes place. Now, with the current advancement of technology, we are able to purchase the tickets to watch any competitions held in any part of the world. We can log in to the official website and purchase the tickets online conveniently. Australia had developed the country to host many major sporting events such as Sydney Olympics Games 2000, IRB Rugby World Cup 2003, Melbourne Commonwealth Games 2006, etc. According to Higham (2005a), the stadium Australia Trust, together with the Olympic Co-ordinating Authority and the Sydney Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games, identified Homebush Bay as the location for the majority of the sporting venures for the Olympic Games. This included the 110 000 capacity Stadium Australia (at a cost of $A 480 million, and now the Telstra Stadium, host to the 2003 Rugby World Cup Final), the State Hockey Centre, and Novotel and Ibis Hotels. 2.4 Promotion Promotion is an effective tool to communicate with the selected target tourists. It can build and creates identity for the country. Australia Sports Commission had work on promotion strategy to market itself to sports tourist. The vision is to continue to be recognised as the world leader in developing high performance and community sport. This will create a positive image for sports tourist and contribute to the uniqueness of destination. According to Australia Sports Commission (2006a), one of the strategies adopted is to actively contribute to international community sport development programs, increase understanding of international trends in sports. They provide funding, innovative support services, in partnership with national sporting organisations. This way, it allows them to enhance high performance programs and to ensure sustained international high performance success. They had promoted more effective pathways into high performance development for talented individuals who aspire to compete at higher level. SWOT analysis is an acronym for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It provides an effective framework for analysing internal resources and external trends. 2.5 Strengths Australia has a proud tradition and culture in sports tourism. The national sports system, its delivery mechanisms and its program are widely regarded as world leaders. This will boost the reputation in the sports tourist industry. According to Australia Sports Commission (2006b), Australian Government together with Australian Sports Commission provides unprecedented levels of support for Australian sport. Strong leadership and momentum through a comprehensive range of programs and initiatives shows the governmental support for sport tourism industry. With the strong support, it will lead to an increase in tourist arrivals for any sports event held in Australia. According to a report on Sydney 2000 Olympics, there were more than ten thousand athletes travelled to Australia from 199 countries to compete in twenty-eight sports. There was a total of 6.7 million Olympic tickets sold, more than four and a half million fans passed through the gates at Sydney Olympic Park to witness the games. From this figure, we are able to identify the success of Sydney Olympic Games. 2.6 Weaknesses After looking at the strength, we will explore on the weaknesses of sports tourism. It is not easy for a country to host mega event such as Olympic. Government and organising committee had to work closely together to ensure that the event goes smoothly and successfully. During the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000, there was concern that many tourist will not want to choose Australia as a holiday destination. They want to avoid the crowd going for the Games, the uncertainties such as traffic congestion, crowding, security issues and etc. Thus, Australia government will have to look into this particular sector of tourism so that they are not being neglected. If this area is managed well, Australia will be an idea destination for all types of tourist even during the period where the Game is going on. 2.7 Opportunities The hosting of Sydney Olympics had created a lot of opportunities for Australia sport tourism industry. Sydney 2000 Olympics had left a legacy of expertise in a range of sports- tourism related fields. Now, Australia has more opportunities to hold sports events at the international, national and regional levels. This will results in an increase in gross domestic product and employment rates for Australia. Sports manager have to continuously develop new sport product to enhance the status of the sport as a tourist attraction. This will help to generate new tourism market or expand on existing tourism markets. The development or upgrading of sport facilities is an effective strategy to reach out to the new market segment for sports tourism. Sport marketers can develop creative marketing techniques to embrace international tourists visiting the destination as a causal consumer of sports (Hingh Higham, 2004) 2.8 Threats Sport tourism is a threat to the natural environment. In order to cater to the large demand of spectators and participants, sport venue and infrastructure have to be improvised. During the process of upgrading these facilities, ecosystem is being damaged. Ecosystem consists of different type of species, flora and fauna. This will become a threat to biodiversity and greenhouse effect. In the long run, it will become a permanent and irreversible environmental damage. According to Higham (2005b), long term impacts include degradation of natural landscapes. Due to extremes of altitude and climate, tourism in alphine ecologies require extended recovery and regeneration timeframes, long term monitoring and appropriate management interventions. 3.0 Factors That Motivate Tourists Sport tourism entails a set of motivations. The classic theories of motivation commonly applied to understand leisure, sport and tourism behaviour are Murrays (1938) Needs Theory of Personality and Maslows (1943) Hierarchical Theory of Needs. 3.1 Murrays Needs Theory of Personality Murray (1938) developed a theory of personality that was organized in terms of motives, presses and needs. It is explained that A need is a stimulus a force pushing an individual in a certain direction or to behave in a certain way. He identified 12 physiological needs and 28 psychological needs. Physiological needs, viewed as primary needs, include air, water, food and security. Psychological needs, viewed as secondary needs, are related to mental or emotional satisfaction including achievement, autonomy and satisfied. 3.2 Maslows Hierarchical Theory of Needs Maslows (1943) Hierarchical Theory of Needs suggests that people are motivated to fulfil basic needs before they move on to other needs. Maslows theory and Murrays theory are similar, in the sense that both propose that peoples behaviour is driven by both physiological and social-psychological needs. However, Maslow developed a more structured hierarchical order to the activation and satisfaction of needs. He suggested that an individual has to satisfy the lower order of needs before working on the higher order of needs. The top of the hierarchy is the need for self-actualization, which is an opportunity for individuals to become everything that one is capable of becoming. The needs become more psychological and social as one progress up the pyramid. Maslow found that vacation satisfaction was associated with the degree to which the needs for self-actualisation, belongingness and physiology were met by the experience. In sport tourism, the relationship between needs and activity choice is complex. Hence, it is not sufficient to pair a set of needs with an activity. The same activity may be motivated by different needs at different times for one individual. In another case, one activity may represent different meanings to another individual at the same time (Crandall, 1980). Despite the complexity of the relationship, motivation theory still provides insights into why people choose to take part in certain activities. In the context of sport tourism, push factor is the need to need to match an individuals motivations and pull factor is the expectation regarding a vacation with the attributes of a particular destination. 3.3 Push factor Push factor are unique to each tourist. They are determined by the personality and attitude of individual. To a certain extend, sport tourist may be motivated by push factor. They want to escape from daily routine, explore other form of sports, interact and build friendship with people. This group of tourist want to gain new exposure and achieve something from the trip. 3.4 Pull factor Pull factor is an extrinsic factor. They include price, destination image, marketing and promotion of the host country. According to Higham (2005) destination image is an important attribute that formulate the expectation of the country. Physical attributes include attractions, activities, sporting facilities and physical landscapes. Abstract attributes are atmosphere, crowding, safety and ambience. These attributes are essential to foster a distinct destination brand and advantageous destination imagery. If the country is perceive as a cohesive nation, that is safe and secure for any form of sports to take place, tourist will travel to that country to enjoy the competition. In this way, tourist arrival and expenditure will increase. 4.0 Future Challenges Sport and tourism phenomena are dynamic and fragile. Sport tourism industry will face some future challenges. If these challenges are managed well, sport tourism industry will attract more sports tourist visiting the country. 4.1 Technology advancement With technological advancement, people are able to watch the Games played through the use of sports reporting media such as interactive television and Internet. Now, the question to us: will sports tourists want to travel out of their comfort zone to experience a totally different happening where sounds, sights and ambience can be virtually created? Is there any desire for them to travel to another country if they can watch the Games in the comforts of their home? According to a report on Sydney 2000 Olympics, it show that Sydney 2000 was broadcast in 220 countries and generated more than 36.1 billion television viewing hours. Nine out of ten individuals in the world with access to television watched some part of the Olympics ranging from an average four hours per viewer to more than 37 hours per viewer in Japan. From this statistics, we are able to know that there are many people who do not need to travel to Australia but they are still able to enjoy the Games played. 4.2 Trends in Winter Sport Tourism Winter tourism is an important source of income for many alpine areas. Hence, they are highly dependent on satisfactory snow conditions. Skiing, snowboarding are some of the sports activities that are highly depend on snow. Recently, due to an impact of climate change and weather conditions, the lack of snow during winter season poses a challenge for various countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Austria and etc. Winter tourism depends on good snow conditions. Hence, sport tourism developer and event organizers should focus on ways to improve the situation of this area so as not to lose the ski market tourism. 4.3 Growth of sports tourist seeking alternative sports It is seen as a common trend for sport participants to seek alternative sports and new ways to do sports. They have taken a great interest to play other sports that will bring them more excitement. According to Higham (2005c), unique sport subcultures have emerged in association with alternative sports. The growth of alternative sports will pose as a challenge for any country. A country that wants to develop these alternative sports must invest a substantial sum of money. New, advance infrastructure and facilities has to be built to cater to this group of sport tourists seeking alternative sports. It will be very difficult for a country that does not have the necessary sports resources and expertise to develop alternative sports. 5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation Sport is ubiquitous as a form of popular culture. There are some ways that sport tourism developer can adopt to minimize the future challenges of sports tourism. Once these challenges are manage well, there will be a steady increase in sport tourist arrivals to the country. 5.1 Invest in snow-making Due to climate change and global warming, sport tourism developer has taken a future step to look at the invention of snow making. According to Higham (2005d), snow making is a technological development that lengthened the ski season in the snow-belt states. It also made sport possible in areas where natural snowfall was less than abundant. Although snow making is an expansive investment, it is seen as an essential way to ensure sport tourism activities take place. Many countries are willing to spend millions of dollar to make artificial snow so that they will capture tourists who want to enjoy the ski facilities and resort. 5.2 Sustainable sport tourism According to (Butler 1993, in Hinch and Higham, 2004), sustainable tourism is tourism in a form which can maintain its viability in an area for indefinite period. The achievement of sustainable sport tourism requires a balance between social goals, economic goals and environmental goals. Sustainable tourism is one of the goals for many sport tourism countries. In order to reach this goal, sport tourism should enhance the social/cultural dimension of the community. Mega-events such as Olympics can include cultural factors of the country. Sport tourist can watch the Games and learn about the culture of the nation at the same time. 5.3 Market diversification Market diversification is a tool that marketers of sport tourism organisation can adopt. It is an effective way to segment the market and reach out to them. The targeted segment will be people who are not tied down to traditional vacation structures. They are more likely to travel during shoulder and off-season period. This group of people are conference delegates, incentive travellers and special interest group. Marketers can consider cross-leverage sport and tourism across the entire marketing mix to attract them. They have the power to spend on any sport activities as they have the luxury of time. According to Higham (2005e), Canmore in Canada is counting on the ageing baby boomers to help eliminate the shoulder season. There are plans drawn up for a health and wellness resort offering a myriad of traditional and non-traditional health services. All in a nutshell, the field of sport and tourism are dynamic industries. Sport tourism organizers and destination managers have to understand and respond to these growing trends in an effective manner. This is so as to achieve a competitive advantage in the sport tourism field. In mega event or small-scale event, organizing committee has to plan and manage all type of activities in sport event in an orderly manner. The success of the event will results in a positive image of tourism destination. It will gain the fame and attract more tourists to the destination to participate or enjoy the sports activities.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Role of Gender in William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet Essays
Everyone in the literary world is familiar with Shakespeare's two â€Å"star-crossed lovers†Romeo and Juliet. Their love story, doomed by fate and feuding families has been an inspiration to many other literary works, movies and even music. Yet it is unknown what makes these couple’s story to popular and interesting across the globe. Is it their youth, their love of first sight quickly followed by their terrific death, the tragic events that lead to their demise, or a mixture of possibilities? One aspect of the play that causes an image in the reader' mind and has a profound impact is the exquisite language of Shakespeare. The language gives each character a distinct personality and character; each character has a different sense of humor, wit and love. Shakespeare’s words show society in Verona, different beliefs, values, and behaviors in both men and women are present in his play. The main characters of the play, Romeo and Juliet, are even affected by these be liefs and value, but mainly role of gender. Men in Verona are violent, sexual dominant, and take priority in deciding what happens or doesn’t happen. Every action they take is an expression of showing to the other men how dominant and powerful they are. The men choose violence as their first choice of solving their problems for example: in the opening scene, the Capulets and Montagues get into a brawl for no apparent reason other than their long feud. The two noble families do not get along well particularly due to the feud between them, the Capulets and the Montagues. During their first brawl, on of the servants of the Capulets, Sampson, states: â€Å"’Tis true, and therefore women, being the weaker vessels, are ever thrust to the wall; therefore I will push Montague’s men from the... ... â€Å"If that thy bent of love be honorable, thy purpose marriage, send me word to-morrow†(2.2.143-144). Juliet’s mind is obsessed with sexual thoughts more than a woman of her time. Her thoughts are portrayed as words times before they marry, â€Å"O, I have bought the mansion of a love, but not possess’d it, and though I am sold, not yet enjoy’d. So tedious is this day†(3.2.26-28). Juliet defies her parents many times when they are attempting to marry her with Paris. She hastily disagrees with them eventhough she is not supposed to. At the end of the play, Romeo becomes very heartbroken and feels great melancholy as he is seeing his beloved lying cold in the tomb and takes his life with poison, a method of suicide mostly committed by females. Juliet, upon seeing her husband dead, stabs herself with Romeo’s dagger in a violent manner reflecting her masculine personality.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
Sex Education in Public Schools Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topi
Sex Education in Schools       Children all over the country who sit down in their classes are being taught sex education. There are books, videos, special speakers and qualified teachers for the subject. Depending on where a child lives, the education he or she is being taught might vary. For example, Wyoming, North Dakota, Minnesota, Maine and Utah do not require schools to provide sexuality or STD/HIV education, (they teach abstinence). District of Columbia, on the other hand, must include contraception with condoms available (Innerst). I was once shown a book that was used to teach sex education to fifth graders in an inner-city school. The book was softbound, about one hundred pages in length, and had cartoon-like colored illustrations. I thumbed through the pages and could not believe what I was seeing. Some of the things in that book were things that even I had never seen before, and I was married with a child. The book taught (and showed pictures of) homosexual sex, masturbation, oral sex, proper procedures for condoms and diaphragms, female and male pleasure spots. The list goes on. This book was not teaching a fifth grader safe sex; it was teaching them how to have sex right and get the most gratification out of it. There was no mention of abstinence throughout the entire book. This sex education method teaches too much and at too early of an age; it undermines children's capability of abstaining, encourages sex and really isn't safe at all; it must be reformed.  My first experience with the subject was in the fifth grade in 1988. My teacher split the boys and girls into two rooms. She talked to the girls about things like menstrual cycles and hormones. I remember a lot of laughter and snickers coming f... ... 265.4 (1991). CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention." Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 1995." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 45.53(1996). "Choose to be Excellent." Me, My World, My Future. 204. DeVincenzi, I. "A Longitudinal Study of 343 Steady Partners of Infected Men." Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 6.5 (1993): 497-502. Hogan, Ruby. Interview. 22 Nov 2000. Innerst, Carol. "Teen pregnancies higher in states that teach condom use". The Washington Times. Oct 1995: A4 Jones & Forrest. "Contraceptive Failure Rates based on the 1998 NSFG." Family Planning Perspectives. 24.1(1998): 12-19. Resnick, Michael. "Protecting Adolescents from Harm-Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health". 278.10 (1997): 823-832 Teen-Aid, Inc. "Wait Until Marriage. Why?" Teen-Aid. 1994.
Friday, October 11, 2019
History of Rev War
The cry of soda enquired into: Educational analysis in seventeenth-century New England. History of Education Quarterly, 13(1), 3-22. Lang, Harry G. Genesis of a Community: The American Deaf Experience in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. In J. Van Clever (Deed. ). The Deaf History Reader. Washington, DC: Gladdest university Press, 2007. 1 . The American Indian view of the colonial missionaries' influence on the â€Å"education†of the Indian is how the colonial missionaries changed their norm behaviors where they had to change their beliefs to the â€Å"European culture†(ColonialMissionaries and Their schools, 2004, p. 1 5). Also, they correlated the Indian dally life of cleanliness, lack of discipline for the children (Colonial Missionaries and Their Schools, 2004, p. 1 5). I feel that the quote that said by H. G. Wells was relevant to the Indian communities at that time period since the colonial missionaries changed and controlled the Indian lifestyle by Glen n them better education and lifestyle.The article, Colonial Missionaries and Their Schools, explained that most of the Indian children who were taught by the missionaries were separated from their parents nice the Indian parents did not understand the influence that the missionaries had for the Indian children (p. 16). One point was mentioned In the article about how confused the Indians were when they were the victims of the missionaries and â€Å"Christians†cheated and sexually abused them since they were preached about the missionaries' practice and cheated and sexually abused were not allowed (Colonial Missionaries and Their Schools, 2004, p. 6). The situation where the Indian were cheated and sexually abused by the missionaries and â€Å"Christians†led catastrophe in hat they were taught by the missionaries. 2. The religion played a special role in the Puritan efforts to establish formal schooling in America by set up a high educational standard where their chil dren are successful as their parents are. Puritans did not accept any failures. (The cry of Soda enquired into: Educational analysis in seventeenth-century New England,1973, p. ) We are experience the same thing today without much of religious involvements. The parents today want to see their children to succeed In their education and have bright futures. Also, parents Ely on teachers and school to help their children In academic where the teachers are constantly encouraging the children to go for their dreams by dream big. Teachers of the deaf can learn from the Puritan educational efforts about literacy by continuing to encourage the deaf students to read and write where they can eventually Improve their English. 3.People with disabilities during the asses and early asses were treated badly where they were chained to the wall since the people did not know how to take care of them. People with disabilities were treated like an here doctors who had better knowledge knew how to take care of them where they were also being observed based on their behaviors. From reading about Isaac Kilojoules, Matthew and Sarah Pratt, Andrew Brown and Jonathan Lambert, I learned that all of them became part of a religious and the Puritans accepted disabilities for who they are without any Judgments.Also, the church did allow deaf marriages without any restriction. 4. Sign language in the American colonies before the Revolutionary War show that it was only used in the level of abstraction and used tit the people who were already here in America after the generation that founding of Plymouth colony. Before Revolutionary War was the time period where sign language as American Sign Language, history of deaf literacy before the education for the deaf was established.Sign language gave the deaf American colonies the ability to communicate with each other. Sign language gave the deaf the abilities to have education and be able to understand what being learned. 5. The efforts that the d eaf children where educated in the American colonies were that they were sending o school like Broadsword Academy or private education. The deaf children were known as deaf and dumb during that time period, but each one had the abilities and skills in different academic areas.For example, John Boiling was good at Geography and Arithmetic Globe and the father of Charles Green reported after Charles two years at Broadsword Academy has â€Å"improvement in the construction of language, and in writing; he has made a good beginning in arithmetic. †Children who were private education like William Mercer was able to succeed in his life since he had the skill for minting which was found through the years located.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Rachel Carson and the Fight Against Indiscriminate Pesticide Use Essay
In her 1962 book, Silent Spring, Rachel Carson details the dangers of indiscriminate pesticide use, which had â€Å"already silenced the voice of spring in countless towns in America†(Carson (1962) page 3). ‘Miss Carson,’ as many of her detractors referred to her, received ridicule from academics, industry leaders and professional journals for over a decade. Years after her death, conservative and libertarian groups such as the Cato Institute, American Enterprise Institute and the Competitive Enterprise Institute attacked her and the apparent successes for environmentalism in the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency and the ban of DDT to provide an example of a ‘failed’ government program. Rachel Carson revealed the dangers imposed by indiscriminate pesticide use in her 1962 book, Silent Spring. Although Carson used DDT as her focus, the chemical was an example of the numerous synthesized pesticides employed in many aspects of mankind†™s daily lives. As a biologist with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Carson was alerted to the â€Å"numerous case reports of damage to birds and fish after DDT application†and believed that â€Å"because DDT was so effective, it unbalanced ecosystems†(Oreskes (2010) page 219). Carson expanded her research and eventually published her revealing book to alert the public and bring an end to indiscriminate use. The book made numerous claims against pesticides, illustrated the destruction caused by prior use and warned of a future in which â€Å"over increasingly large areas†¦ spring comes unheralded by the return of the birds, and the early mornings are strangely silent where once they were filled with the beauty of bird song†(Carson (1962) page 88). These â€Å"elixers of death,†she warned, are less insecticides as they are â€Å"biocides†(Carson (1962) pages 15, 8), infiltrating water supplies, food supplies and organisms from the bald eagle to man. â€Å"If [Silent Spring] stimulated the public to press for unwise and ill-conceived restrictions on the production, use or development of new chemicals, it will be the consumer who suffers.†Dr. William Darby, 1962 Heralded as one of the most influential books in the environmental movement, Carson’s writing was less scientific and more thought provoking. Her often-extreme word choices and diction provided a sense of urgency for some, but drew many detractors. Doctor William Darby, a Professor of Biochemistry at Vanderbilt University, reviewed Silent Spring shortly after its publishing. According to Darby, the â€Å"dramatic description[s]†were simply a ploy to mask other scientific findings are mislead the public (Darby (1962)). Darby accused Carson of â€Å"name-drops by quoting or referring to renowned scientists out of context†¦ [leading] the reader to conclude that the authority mentioned is in accord with the author’s position†(Darby (1962)). To further refute her claims, Darby refers to her as â€Å"Miss Carson†throughout his essay. This treatment of certainly harmed, or was an attempt to harm, her credibility in the scientific field. He continues â€Å"her ignorance or biases on some of the considerations throw doubt on her competence to judge policy†(Darby (1962)). Darby stated that â€Å"if it stimulated the public to press for unwise and ill-conceived restrictions on the production, use or development of new chemicals, it will be the consumer who suffers.†Here was an academic, in the field of biochemistry, blatantly denouncing Carson and her conclusions. In The Chemicals Around Us, a viewpoint published in Chemical Weekly in July 1962, Carson was referred to as a â€Å"crank†and that her writing style was more indicative of â€Å"a lawyer preparing a brief†(Chemical Weekly (1962)). Obviously a somewhat biased publication, the article continued to claim that although â€Å"her facts are correct, her conclusions less certain, and her innuendos misleading†¦ such a public be damned attitude was outmoded some years ago and†¦ too many people are watching.†The phrase, â€Å"too many people are watching†referred to the chemical industry and pro-chemical government, implying that despite her efforts, they would fight back against such erroneous claims with ease. Carson’s detractors were not publishing this information against her for publicity, but were concerned. They were not concerned about the indiscriminate use of pesticides, but rather the ability of public outrage and the future of the chemicals industry. By attacking Carson’s conclusions and writing style, they could distract from the dangerous scientific findings. Facing harsh criticism, Carson’s urgent push for policy against indiscriminate pesticide use seemed to stall. When President Kennedy tasked the President’s Science Advisory Committee with investigating the claims, a new hope emerged. Although the committee did not back or deny Carson’s claims, they lay the burden of proof â€Å"on those who argued that persistent pesticides w ere safe†(Oreskes (2010) page 222). The paradigm shifted against the chemical industry. The findings established that the industry itself was tasked with proving the pesticides used were not a danger to human health or the environment, â€Å"explicitly invoking the standard of reasonable doubt,†rather than those against indiscriminate use proving pesticides were a danger (Oreskes (2010) pages 220-224). According to Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway in their 2010 book, Merchants of Doubt, â€Å"the legal phrase reasonable doubt suggests that they were guided by existing legal frameworks†¦ to demonstrate the safety of their products,†and that â€Å"manufacturers had not demonstrated the safety of DDT, and reasonable people now had reason to doubt it†(Oreskes (2010) page 222). It took two more Presidential Administrations before President Nixon authorized the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970 and in 1972, the ban on the use of DDT in the United States. The environmental movement, the work done by Rachel Carson, the President’s Science Advisory Committee, numerous scientists and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency and banning of DDT was often heralded as a true governmental policy success story. Not until the early 2000s did the evidence exist that DDT was in fact harmful to humans, and a dangerous carcinogen (Oreskes (2010) page 229). For three decades, the establishment of the EPA was used as an example to follow for the creation of new social, economic and environmental policies. As conservative and libertarian think tanks in the mid 1990s were facing new policies and government regulation conflicting with their ideals, a new strategy for combat emerged. By slandering Carson, â€Å"freemarketeers realized [they] could strengthen the argument against regulation in general. (Oreskes (2010) page 218). To argue against regulation, they would destroy the main example of successful policy and regulation: the establishment of the EPA and banning of DDT. In the late 1990s, groups such as the Cato Institute, American Enterprise Institute and the Competitive Enterprise Institute renewed the attacks on Rachel Carson and the â€Å"junk-science†â€â€scientific findings that could not be explained under the free-market systemâ€â€that led to the ban of DDT in the United States. These think tanks, backed monetarily by Philip Morris and other corporation, â€Å"organized off-the record briefings [with members of Congress], wrote and placed op-ed pieces, and organized radio interviews†(Oreskes, (2010) page 234). The Heartland Institute, focused on â€Å"free-market solutions to social and economic problems†¦ insist[ed] that some one million†¦lives could be saved annually†in developing countries around the world through the use of DDT (Oreskes (2010) page 2 33). There were even claims that her â€Å"false alarm†about pesticides led to the death of millions, making her â€Å"worse than Hitler†(Oreskes (2010) page 217). By destroying Carson’s reputation at the expense of key facts and scientific findings, these groups were changing history. â€Å"Orwell understood that those in power will always seek to control history, because whoever controls the past controls the present†(Oreskes (2010) page 238). Conservative and Libertarian think tanks believed they could control history to derail the progress of regulatory authority in the United States. In the forward to Silent Spring, Carson quotes Albert Schweitzer, â€Å"Man has lost the capacity to foresee and to forestall, He will end by destroying the earth†(Carson (1962) Forward). According to Carson, â€Å"it took hundreds of millions of years for life to produce the life that now inhabits the earth†¦ [and] to adjust to these chemicals would require time on the scale that is nature’s, it would require not merely the years of a man’s life but he life of generations†(Carson (1962) page 7). Rachel Carson believed indiscriminate pesticide use and the continued development of synthetic chemicals would devastate our planet in a way that would require generations for the environment to reach equilibrium. E. B. White, an American essayist once wrote, â€Å"I am pessimistic about the human race because it is too ingenious for its own good. Our approach to nature is to beat it into submission. We would stand a better chance of survival is we accommodated ourselves to the planet and viewed it appreciatively instead of skeptically and dictatorially†(Carson (1962) Forward). By allowing the leaders of this nation to be manipulated by groups controlling history, we failed not only Rachel Carson, but ourselves, our environment and our future. Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1962. (Carson (1962)) â€Å"The Chemicals Around Us.†Viewpoint, Chemical Weekly. July 14, 1962: 5. (Chemical Weekly (1962)) Darby, William J. Text from Jukes, Thomas, 1962. â€Å"A Town in Harmony.†Chemical & Engineering News (Aug 18): 5. (Darby (1962)) Oreskes, Naomi, and Erik M. Conway. â€Å"Chapter 7: Denial Rides Again.†Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming. New York: Bloomsbury, 2010. (Oreskes (2010))
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
Arab-Israeli War of 1973 Essay Example for Free (#1973)
Arab-Israeli War of 1973 Essay The Arab-Israeli War was an armed conflict initiated by the Arab nations of Egypt and Syria against Israel on October 6, 1973 in an effort to reclaim territories that Israel had controlled since the Six Day War of 1967. The date holds special significance to the Jewish calendar, being Yom Kippur, hence this war is also known as the Yom Kippur War. Though Israel was caught by surprise and experienced severe losses during the war, assistance from the United States military led to a cease-fire less than three weeks later. In the aftermath, Israel retained its territories and its aftermath had far ranging effects on the geopolitics of the Middle East. First, the victory of Israel had an uplifting effect on its population. Its military had been seen to have grown largely complacent following the Six Day War. However, despite initial defeats, they managed a successful turnaround of the Yom Kippur War’s outcome. As such, despite the surprise advantage of Egypt and Syria they had regained the upper hand in less than two weeks, though at a high cost in casualties. In effect, Israel woke up to the reality that their military supremacy in the region was not absolute. (Rabinovich 498) Second, by granting support to Israel, the United States invited the ire of oil-producing Arab states. This manifested itself in the actions of Saudi Arabia, which not only reduced its oil production but declared an embargo against the United States. Saudi Arabia was later joined by other oil-producing Arab states and together they extended their embargo against other import dependent nations in Western Europe as well as Japan. The result was the 1973 energy crisis that sent oil prices spiraling past $60 per barrel and close to $100 per barrel in 1979. (Smith 329) Third, on the geopolitical front, enemy states of Israel concluded in the aftermath that they could not defeat it by force, and thus turned towards diplomatic tactics in antagonizing it. The effect was that many African and Third World nations, under pressure from the Arab states, broke their diplomatic ties to Israel. Works Cited No author. â€Å"The 1973 Yom Kippur War. †Anti-Defamation League, 1999. Retrieved September 24, 2008 from: http://www. adl. org/ISRAEL/record/yomkippur. asp Smith, Charles. Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. New York, NY: Bedford, 2006. Rabinovich, Abraham. The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle eAst. New York, NY: Shocken Books, 2005. Rabinovich, Abraham [2005]. The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East. New York, NY: Schocken Books. ISBN 0 8052 4176 0. Charles D. Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, New York: Bedford, 2006, p. 329. Arab-Israeli War of 1973. (2016, Aug 16).
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
PSYCHOLOGY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
PSYCHOLOGY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR - Essay Example Taylor and Brown (1986) are of the view that a person containing positive illusions about his own self and others also maintains healthy mind, because mental information system has the capability to reach a happy and optimistic conclusion. The researchers, above-mentioned, have discussed their socio-psychological perspective of mental health under the title Illusion and Well-Being: A Social Psychological Perspective on Mental Health. In this research paper, Taylor and Brown analyze how mental health has been co-related with perceiving realities without any illusion of optimism. According to this model, individuals mildly distort reality to their benefit due to self-serving biases. This construct represents an in-depth synthesis of many models. (Luca, 1999:37) The past researches used to measure mental soundness of individuals by their vision of realistic thoughtfulness. A dominant position has maintained that the psychologically healthy person is one who maintains close contact with reality. (Taylor & Brown, 1988:193) Taylor & Brown do not go eye to eye with the notion of assessing mental health with mere the soundness of realism; rather, they are of the opinion that unrealistic positive illusions serve as the definite indicators of metal health on the one hand and are highly supportive in keeping the mind healthy on the other for an individuals cognitive development and mental fitness. Cognitive development refers to the growth of mental processes as well as ability to think and perceive. It also discusses how an individual learns by his innate mental capabilities and from society. The study of cognitive psychology is motivated by scientific curiosity, by the desire for practical applications, and by the need to provide a foundation for other fields of social science. (Anderson, 1990:1) Taylor & Brown, emphasize on the significance of positive illusion for judging
Monday, October 7, 2019
To what extent do the problems with practical application of Essay
To what extent do the problems with practical application of performance appraisals affect their effectiveness - Essay Example Human resource management ideology revolves around the policies and practices of organization design and development. It concentrates on learning, employee development, performance and rewards and providing services that enhance the wellbeing of employees in an organization. Performance management is an integral tool in human resource management. Performance management helps managers to ensure that employees are giving their best efforts towards developing the organization. The idea of performance management was first introduced in the field of human resource management in the early 1990s. Despite the fact that employees’ assessment review and objective settings had been in use before the 90s, organizations started to concentrate on individual performance in the early 1990s. Research indicated that among 1800 employees in the United Kingdom, 46% of the employees said 86 per cent used a systematic approach to evaluate employee performance while 20 per cent used the more ambitious performance management systems on their employees (Anderson, 1996: 197). According to Anderson (1996), performance management practices have been used for a longer time in the United States. A study conducted by the Bureau of National affairs showed that in 244 organizati ons that were studied, 90 per cent of them conducted performance appraisal exercises every year. This is a clear indication that performance appraisals were widely used across the globe during that time. With the rapid development of global economy in the past 20 years, performance appraisal has become a tool for increasing productivity among employees in organizations (Gruman and Saks, 2011: 123). In the general performance management process, performance appraisal is a formal and a systematic process for measuring, recording and developing strengths and weaknesses of employees in an organization (Swanepoel, et al., 2000
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)