Estimation of Salbutamol Sulphate and Guaiphenesin

Estimation of Salbutamol Sulphate and GuaiphenesinSIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SALBUTAMOL SULPHATE AND GUAIPHENESIN IN THEIR COMBINED LIQUID DOSAGE FORM BY HPtender loving care METHODKruti D. Bhalara, Ishwarsingh S. Rathod, Sindhu B. Ezhava, Dolarrai D. Bhalara, short-changeA simple, specific, sensitive and supportd high-performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for the synchronal analysis of Salbutamol sulphate and Guaiphenesin. Spectro-densitometric scanning-integration was performed at an absorbance wavelength 280 nm. A TLC aluminium sheet pre coated with silica gel 60 F254 was used as the stationary phase. The mobile phase system containing ethyl radical acetate methanol Ammonia (25% w/v) (75 15 10 v/v) gave a considerably re declaration of Salbutamol sulphate and Guaiphenesin with Rf values of 0.47 and 0.65, respectively. The calibration plot of Salbutamol sulphate exhibited good linear lapsing relationship (r = 0.9987) oer a concentration range of 200- vitamin C0 ng/spot. The calibration plot of Guaiphenesin exhibited good polynomial regression relationship (r = 0.9997) over a concentration range of 10-50 g/spot. Detection and quantitation limit was appoint to be 70 ng and 100 ng respectively, for Salbutamol sulphate and 30 ng and 50 ng, for Guaiphenesin. The proposed method was used for inclination of both drugs in Ventorlin and Asthalin Syrup containing Salbutamol sulphate and Guaiphenesin with satisfactory precision (Intraday) 2.67-4.46% for Salbutamol sulphate and 2.39-4.42% for Guaiphenesin and accuracy 100.97 0.50% and 100.45 0.58% RSD, for Salbutamol sulphate and Guaiphenesin respectivelyINTRODUCTIONSalbutamol sulpahte (SAL) is the selective prototypic 2-adrenoceptor agonist. It is used as an anti-asthmatic in the treatment of bronchial asthma, bronchospasm, in the patients with reversible obstructive airway and in prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm(1-3). It may be used in uncomplicated premature labour. S AL is chemically (RS)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxy- methyl phenyl)-2-(tert-butyl amino) ethanol sulphate(2, 3). Guaiphenesin (GUA) is used as an expectorant in the symptomatic management of coughs associated with the vulgar cold, bronchitis, pharyngitis, influenza, measles etc(1-3). It is chemically (RS)-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2- propanediol(2, 3). SAL and GUA combinations are available in the market for the respiratory disorders where bronchospasm and excessive secretion of tenacious mucus are complicating factors, for example bronchial asthma, degenerative bronchitis emphysema. Chemical structures of GUA and SAL are shown in Figure 1.SAL (API) is authorized in the Indian Pharmacopoeia(2), British Pharmacopoeia(4), and US Pharmacopoeia(5), and SAL syrup and tablets are official in British Pharmacopoeia(4). GUA (API) is official in the Indian Pharmacopoeia(2), British Pharmacopoeia(4), and US Pharmacopoeia(5), and GUA tablets, capsules and injection are also official in US Pharmacopoe ia(5). However, the combination of SAL and GUA is not official in both pharmacopoeia. Several methods have been reported in literature for individual estimate of the drugs but very few methods have been reported for simultaneous estimation of SAL and GUA in combined dose form, which includes chemo metrics-assisted spectrophotometry(6), Electro kinetic chromatography and Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry(7) and Micellar electrokinetic chromatography(8). HPLC, though accurate and precise method, is time consuming, costly and requires skilled operator. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop and validate simple, specific, inexpensive, rapid, accurate and precise High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for simultaneous estimation of SAL and GUA in their combined dosage form. The proposed method was successfully use to two marketed cough syrups Ventorlin and Asthalin and the contents were determined with pop any interference of excipients.MATERIALSReagents and Materials(a) Solvents analytical reagent grade Ethyl acetate (Finar Chemicals, India) and methanol (RFCL Limited, India) and ammonia (25% w/v) (s. d. Fine Chem Limited, India) Iso propyl group alcohol (s. d. Fine Chem Limited, India) Sodium bicarbonate (s. d. Fine Chem Limited, India)(b) Standards SAL and GUA were a gift take from Preet Pharma, Gujarat, India.(c) Ventorlin syrup (GSK Pharmaceutical Ltd, India) Batch 02053, labeled 2 mg SAL and 100 mg GUA in each 5 ml of syrup, were purchased commercially.(d) Asthalin syrup (Cipla Pharmaceuticals, Mumbai, India) Batch 060305, labeled 2 mg SAL and 100 mg GUA in each 5 ml of syrup, were purchased commercially.Apparatus(a) HPTLC Plate 2020cm, percolated with silica gel 60 F254, 0.2 mm layer thickness ( E.Merck, Germany)(b) Spotting device Linomat IV Semiautomatic model applicator (Camag, Switzerland)(c) Chamber Twin trough chamber for 20 10 cm (Camag)(d) Densitometer TLC Scanner-3 linked to win CATS software (Camag). Scanner m ode- absorbance-reflectance see Wavelength 280 nm lamp Deuterium measurement type remission measurement mode absorption detection mode automatic. Scanner setting- Slit dimension 3.00 0.1 mm(e) spray 100 l (Hamilton, Switzerland)(f) Analytical balance Shimandzu Libror AEG 220 balancesMETHODSPreparation of SAL and GUA exemplar solutionsStock solution of SAL ( similar to 2 mg/ml) was prepared by dissolving 20 mg SAL pure substance in 10 ml methanol. Working stock solution of SAL (equivalent to 0.2 mg/ml) was prepared by transferring 1.0 ml of above stock solution in 10.0 ml methanol. Stock solution (10 mg/ml) of GUA was prepared by dissolving 100 mg GUA pure substance in 10.0 ml methanol, separately. These solutions were stored to a lower place refrigeration at 40C. A mixture of the drugs was prepared by transferring 1.0 ml of stock solutions of each compound to 10 ml volumetric flask and diluting to volume with methanol. (Final concentrations of SAL, 0.02 mg/ml and GUA, 1 mg/ml )Preparation of calibration curve10-50 micro liters of standard solutions of combined standard solution of SAL (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 g/spot) and GUA (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g/spot) and 2 model solutions (20 l corresponding to 0.4 g SAL and 20 g GUA/spot) were applied onto a pre coated HPTLC plate using the semiautomatic sample lookout man (bandwidth 3 mm, distance between the tracks 5 mm). The plate was developed to a distance of 45 mm in a HPTLC chamber containing the mobile phase, i.e., Ethyl acetate-methanol-ammonia (7.5+1.5+1.0 v/v/v), at 25 2 0C. The plate was dried at room temperature. The substances on the silica gel layer were identified densitometrically at 280 nm. The chromatograms were scanned at 280 nm with slit dimensions of 0.1 mm 3 mm 400 nm was used as the reference wavelength for all measurements. Concentrations of the compounds chromatographed were determined from changes in the strong point of diffusely reflected light. Evaluation was via detail subje ct area with linear regression for SAL and polynomial regression for GUA.Preparation of sample solutionsA 5 ml aliquot of the commercial syrup (Ventorlin or Asthalin) was transferred into 10 ml volumetric flask. The volume was adjusted with methanol. From this solution, 2 ml was pipetted and transferred into another 10 ml volumetric flask. The volume was adjusted to the mark with methanol. The methanolic solution was used for chromatographic analysis. (SAL 20 g/ml and GUA 1 mg/ml)Method validationThe method was validated in accord with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines(9).(a) Specificity._ The specificity of the method was established by comparing the chromatograms and measuring the peak purities of SAL and GUA from standard and sample solutions of liquid dosage forms. The peak purity of SAL and GUA were assessed by comparing spectra obtained at the peak start (S), peak middle (M) and peak end (E) of a spot. Correlation between SAL and GUA spectra from standard and sample was also obtained.(b) Accuracy._ The accuracy of the method was determined by standard addition method and calculating the recoveries of SAL and GUA . Prequantified sample stock solution of SAL and GUA ( 1 mL equivalent to 200G/ml of SAL and 10mg/ml of GUA) was transferred into a series of 10 mL volumetric flasks. Known amounts of standard stock solution of SAL(0, 1,2 and 3 mL equivalent to 200, 400, 600 ng/spot ) and GUA ( 0, 1, 2 and 3 mL equivalent to 0, 10,20 and 30 g/spot) were added to this prequantified working sample solutions and diluted up to the mark with methanol. for each one solution (10 L) was applied on plates in triplicate. The plates were developed and scanned as described above, and the recovery was calculated by measuring the peak areas and fitting these values into the regression compare of the calibration curves.(c) Precision._ The intraday and interday precision of the proposed method was determined by estimating the corresponding responses five t imes on the same day and on five distinct days over a period of one week for three different concentrations of SAL (200, 400, 600 ng/spot) and GUA (10, 20, 30 g/spot). The repeatability of sample application was checked by repeatedly measuring the area of seven spots having same concentration of SAL (400ng/spot) and GUA (20 g/spot) applied on the same plate, while the repeatability of measurement of peak area was checked by repeatedly measuring the area of one spot of SAL (400ng/spot) and GUA (20 g/spot) for seven times. The results were reported in terms of RSD.(d) LOD and LOQ._ The LOD and LOQ of SAL and GUA were calculated by preparing a series of solutions containing decreasing concentrations of SAL from 0.02 to 0.004 mg/ml and GUA from 1 to 0.001 mg/ml by appropriate dilution of the stock solutions of these drugs (SAL 0.02 mg/ml and GUA 1 mg/ml).(e) Robustness._ The lustiness of the method was studied by changing the composition of the mobile phase by 0.2 mL of organic solve nt, development distance by 1 cm, and temperature by 2C.Determination of SAL and GUA in Liquid Dosage FormThe responses of sample solutions were measured at 280 nm for quantification of SAL and GUA by the proposed method. The amount of SAL and GUA present in the sample solutions were determined by fitting the responses into the regression equation of the calibration curve for SAL and GUA, respectively.RESULT AND DISCUSSIONSince both SAL and GUA have nearly same wavelength maxima, interference becomes salient(ip) in UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Also the estimation of any component at its null point is not that much reliable as the estimation at uttermost wavelength. Consecutively for highly specific methods like HPLC and HPTLC, physical separation of those substances is usually necessary before quantitative determination of those substances. So, attempt has been made to develop a validated separation technique for the separation of SAL and GUA in the mixture by HPTLC. The chromato graphic conditions were adjusted in order to obtain an efficient and simple chip method. Different mobile phases were tried for the separation of the above substances. The optimized solvent system was Ethyl acetate methanol ammonia (25 %w/v) (7.51.51v/v/v). The Rf values were found to be 0.47 for SAL and 0.65 for GUA. (Figure 2)The maximum wavelength of SAL was found to be 279nm-280nm and the maximum wavelength of GUA was 274nm-275nm. As both compounds have nearly same max, 280 nm was selected for simultaneous scanning of SAL and GUA. In this way, SAL can be detected at low concentrations in the presence of GUA at high concentrations.Preparation of calibration curveAs the concentration range of SAL is from 200 to 1000 ng, direct proportionality (linearity) of the concentration with its absorbance was obtained. Linear regression analysis is applied to analyze calibration curve of SAL. The equation is y = 3.659x + 409.8 (Figure 2)With the objective to allow simultaneous analysis by developing method in wider concentration range, non-linear regression analysis mode was utilized for estimation of GUA. Polynomial regression mode is applicable if wide concentration ranges (150 to 1100) are worked out and with high amount of substance measured in non-linear detector range. The equation for calculation is y = -4.207x2 + 578.12x + 9343.48 (Figure 3)Method ValidationSpecificity._ The excipients present in the liquid dosage form did not interfere with the chromatographic responses of SAL and GUA as the peak purities r(S, M) = 0.997 and r (M, E) = 0.9996 for SAL and r(S, M) = 0.997 and r(M,E) = 0.9996 for GUA. Also, good correlation (r= 0.9999 for SAL and 0.9998 for GUA) were obtained between standard and sample spectra.Accuracy._ The mean recoveries obtained for SAL and GUA were 100.07 0.49% and 100.04 0.63% RSD , respectively. The accuracy results are shown in Table 2Precision._ The values of RSD for intraday and interday variations were found to be in the range of 2 .56-4.57% and 2.67-4.46% for SAL and 1.95-4.20% and 2.39-4.42% for GUA. RSD for repeatability of sample application were found to be 1.86 and 1.48 for SAL and GUA respectively, while the repeatability of peak area measurement was 0.47 and 0.18% for SAL and GUA respectively.LOD and LOQ._ The LOD and LOQ were 70 and 100 ng for SAL and 30 and 50 ng for GUA.Robustness._ The method was found to be robust, as the results were not significantly affected by deliberate but slight variation in the method parameters.Determination of SAL and GUA in Liquid Dosage FormThe proposed HPTLC method was applied successfully for the determination of SAL and GUA in liquid dosage form. The results obtained for SAL and GUA were comparable with the corresponding labeled claim values. (Table 4)CONCLUSIONSDue to the absence of an official method for this binary mixture, the high-performance thin layer chromatographic method proposed in this article could act as an alternative to chemo metrics-assisted spectr ophotometry, Electro kinetic chromatography and Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry previously published. This method has been validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, and specificity, and has proved to be convenient and effective for the quality control of SAL and GUA in marketed syrups, with out any interference of excipients.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe are thankful to the principal, L.M. College of Pharmacy for providing us the facility for successful completion of our project.REFERENCES1.Klaus Flory, H. G. B. in Analytical Profiles of Drug Sunstances and Excipients, Vol. 25, pp. 121, Acedemic Press, Inc.2.(1996) The Indian Pharmacopoeia, The Manager of Publication, Delhi.3.Parfitt, K. (Ed.) (1999) Martindale The go off Drug Reference, The Pharmaceutical Press, UK, The Pharmaceutical Press, UK.4.(2007) The British Pharmacopoiea, Department of Health on behalf of the Health Ministers, London.5.(2007) The United States Pharmacopoiea-30 NF-25.6.El-Gindy, A., Emara, S., and Shaaban, H . (2007) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 43, 973-82.7.Pomponio, R., Gotti, R., and Hudaib, M. J. Sep. Sci. 24, 258 264.8.D., N. L., Quiming, N. S., and Saito, Y. (2009) J. Liq. Chromatogr. Related Technol. 32, 1407 14229.International Conference on Harmonization (2005) Validation of Analytical Procedure Methodology (Q2R1), Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Geneva, SwitzerlandTable 1. Data indicating various validation parameters of the developed methodTable 2. Results of precision study for SAL and GUA determination by the proposed HPTLC methoda Repeatability of sample application.b Repeatability of measurement of peak area.Table 3. Data for the recovery study of SAL and GUATable 4. Analysis results for SAL and GUA liquid dosage forms by the proposed HPTLC methods (n=5)Figure 1. Chemical Structures of (a) SAL and (b) GUAFigure 2. Calibration curve of SALFigure 3. Calibration curve of GUAFigure 4. (a) HPTLC chromatogram showing separation of SAL and GUA in their combined standard solution at 280 nm , with Rf 0.47 and 0.65, respectively. (b) Chromatogram showing the separation of SAL and GUA in Ventorlin Syrup.Figure 5. (a) HPTLC chromatogram showing separation of SAL and GUA in their combined standard solution at 280 nm , with Rf 0.47 and 0.65, respectively. (b) Chromatogram showing the separation of SAL and GUA in Asthalin Syrup.