Freud And Foucaults Discipline And Punish - 1598 Words

In reading both Freud’s â€Å"Civilization and Its Discontents† and Foucault’s â€Å"Discipline and Punish† it is apparent that they have different views on the function of human society. Freud’s general claim in his writing is that the purpose of human life is happiness. Though our current civilization often does not offer direct, intense satisfaction of our carnal desires, it does offer a more stable lifestyle that avoids pain and results in smaller, simpler pleasures. Foucault’s claims, on the other hand, focus more on the mechanics of human civilization. We are given the illusion of choice but are actually being controlled and separated into organized groups that create a kind of hierarchy for the individual to climb. One specific context that†¦show more content†¦Freud quotes the poet, Goethe, to support his point that science and art are superior forms of obtaining happiness when compared to religion (40). Religion is a way to avoid pondering on the questions that we are unable to know the answer to. Religion does not provide happiness, but it does promise happiness to the disciple in the future if he lives a predetermined way. According to Freud, this is would be inefficient because the possibility of this happiness is not certain, especially not in the physical human lifetime. He specifically elaborates on how science and art satisfy this requirement of sublimation in society because they provide pleasure for one while benefiting many. Art specifically provides pleasure for both the artist and the observer because of the concept of beauty. â€Å"Beauty has no obvious use; nor is there any clear cultural necessity for it. Yet civilization could not do without it† (53). Because beauty is not being used to deflect emotions or avoid pain, it is more effective as a method of happiness. The idea of something being beautiful is ingrained in our society; it is a major appeal to visit somewhere or interact with someone. Museums, Beaches, Colleges, including Flagler, use the appeal of beauty to attract people and provide them with visual pleasure that is sought by everyone. The purpose of beauty does not often call for justification because it is simply based upon personal aesthetic appeal.Show MoreRelatedBiographical Paper Of Michel Foucault1272 Words   |à ‚  6 Pagespsychiatrist and wrote â€Å"Malasle mentale et personalite† which was a short book on mental illness. He supported structuralist and poststructuralist movements and also protested on behalf of homosexuals. Some of the things he studied and wrote books for was Discipline and Punishment, The History of Sexuality, Madness and Civilization, The Order of Things, The Archaeology, The Birth of The Clinic, The Birth of Biopolitics, Society Must Be Defended, Power/ Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, SecurityRead MoreEssay on Postmodernism and Social Praxis4522 Words   |  19 Pagesin which the deconstructive processes of Michel Foucault are key. Her theology is an amalgam of Foucaults poststructuralist concepts and liberation theologys action-oriented motivation. Welch claims the genealogical methods of Foucault are ideal motivators, urging the activist to political involvement. However, Michel Foucaults genealogy was not intended for such pragmatic appli cations. Foucaults purpose in writing genealogies was never action-oriented. He only set out to show those changesRead More A Unique Perspective of The Yellow Wallpaper2853 Words   |  12 Pagesenlightened by mentioning Gilman’s relationship with S. Weir Mitchell. And I can’t help but read the story and think of Foucault’s concept of Panopticism as a method of social control. Lastly, of course, there’s the psychological perspective on the story, although in my readings of psychology, particularly the psychological knowledge surrounding both women and queers, I find the discipline incredibly tainted with patriarchy and heterosexism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At this point, I’d like to define a few terms somewhatRead MoreSurveillance vs. Social Control3409 Words   |  14 Pagesby authorities raises aversion? To gain knowledge of these power technologies, we will investigate the Panopticon design by British philosopher Jeremy Bentham as the â€Å"simple architectural idea† that was of great inï ¬â€šuence on de development of the discipline society we live in, which is described by the french philosopher Michel Foucault in his theory of Panopticism. We will investigate how this model relates to modern surveillance and social control. The tendency of individualising society or theRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesinformation please contact your local Pearson Education sales representative or visit www.pearsoned.co.uk/mcauley . Preface Introduction Over the past hundred years or so, Organization Theory has developed into a distinctive social science discipline. It is a body of thinking and writing that describes, explains and influences what goes on in organizations. It provides an underpinning body of knowledge that enables us to explore and develop management and leadership theory. In recent decades

Helping The Homeless And Interacting With Offenders At...

Biographical Sketch Devoting my senior undergraduate year to helping the homeless and interacting with offenders at Community Crisis Incorporation Service truly reinforced my desire to help the underprivileged. During this internship, I was able to step outside of my comfort zone and connect with individuals that I have not engaged with before. I enjoyed the feeling that I received by helping them enhance their wellbeing and providing them with useful resources that accommodated their needs. After my internship was complete, I have continued to volunteer each winter in the Warm Night Hyperthermia Program assisting families stay warm during the colder months. Morgan State Graduate School of Social Work Education has assisted me to fulfill my sense of duty in helping impoverished adolescent girls, boys and families to succeed. Hope, encouragement and someone who believes in you are often the little push one needs to live up to their full potential. My current position as a Community Support Worker at First Home Care allows me to work with children and adolescents in the Washington D.C and surrounding areas who have mental health disabilities. In working with this population, I have the opportunity to decrease crisis in the community, educate youth on positive decision making skills, how to communicate in an appropriate manner, and implement proper /effective coping skills. This upcoming school year for my field placement, I will have a caseload of five adolescencesShow MoreRelatedProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesManagement, Eighth Edition Cachon and Terwiesch, Matching Supply with Demand: An Introduction to Operations Management, Second Edition Finch, Interactive Models for Operations and Supply Chain Management, First Edition Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, Information Technology, Seventh Edition Gehrlein, Operations Management Cases, First Edition Harrison and Samson, Technol ogy Management, First Edition Hayen, SAP R/3 Enterprise Software: An Introduction, First Edition

Branding Marketing and Answer Free Essays

string(82) " company name legitimizes and the individual name individualizes the new product\." Chapter-9: MCQ’s and short questions: 1. _____ is endowing products and services with the power of a brand. Your Answer:| Branding | 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Branding: Marketing and Answer or any similar topic only for you Order Now _____ is the added value endowed to products and services. Your Answer:| Brand equity | 3. ______ are those trademarked devices that serve to identify and differentiate the brand. Your Answer:| Brand elements | 4. _____ marketing is about mixing and matching marketing activities to maximize their individual and collective effects. Your Answer:| Integrating | 5. _____ is consumers’ ability to identify the brand under different conditions as reflected by their brand recognition or recall performance. Your Answer:| Brand awareness | 6. _____ occurs when customers experience the company as delivering on its brand promise. Your Answer:| Brand bonding | 7. A _____ is a consumer-focused exercise that involves a series of procedures to assess the health of the brand, uncover its sources of brand equity, and suggest ways to improve and leverage its equity. Your Answer:| brand audit | 8. When a firm uses an established brand to introduce a new product it is called a _____. Your Answer:| brand extension | 9. A _____ product is one whose brand name has been licensed to other manufacturers who actually make the product. Your Answer:| licensed | 10. _____ occurs when consumers no longer associate a brand with a specific product or highly similar products and start thinking less about the brand. Your Answer:| Brand dilution | 11. _______is the set of all brands and brand lines which a particular firm offers for sale to buyers in a particular category. Your Answer:| Brand portfolio | 12. _____ measures the degree to which a brand is seen as different from others. Your Answer:| Differentiation | 13. _____ measures the breadth of a brand’s appeal. Your Answer:| Relevance | 14. Nike has the distinctive â€Å"swoosh† logo, the â€Å"Just Do It† slogan, and the â€Å"Nike† name based on a mythological goddess. These items are called _____. Your Answer:| brand elements | 15. Burton, a maker of snowboards, is introducing a new snowboard called â€Å"The Dominator. † This snowboard will be associated and identified with top professional riders. What marketing strategy is Burton using? Your Answer:| leveraging secondary association | 16. The purpose of the _____ is to provide a current, comprehensive profile of how all the products and services sold by a company are marketed and branded. Your Answer:| brand inventory | | 7. A _____ typically employs quantitative measures to provide marketers with current information as to how their brands and marketing programs are performing on the basis of a number of key dimensions. Your Answer:| tracking study| | 18. Nivea, a strong European brand, has expanded its scope from a skin-cream brand to a skin-care and personal-care brand through carefully designed and implemented brand extensions. This is an example of _____. Your Answer:| brand reinforcement | 19. Dannon Yogurt offers several types of new yogurts, Fruit on the Bottom, Natural Flavours, and Fruit Blends to name a few. This is an example of a _____. Your Answer:| line extension | 20. Honda uses the company name to cover different products such as automobiles, motorcycles, snow blowers, and snowmobiles. This is an example of a _____. Your Answer:| category extension | 21. A _____ brand may be kept around despite dwindling sales because they still manage to hold on to a sufficient number of customers and maintain profitability with little or no marketing support. Your Answer:| cash cow | 22. All products marketed by Heinz carry the brand name ‘Heinz’. This is an example of ___________. Your Answer:| blanket family names | Short Questions: Chapter-9: 1. Describe the functions a brand provides for the firm. Ans:Brands simplify product handling or tracking. Brands help to organize inventory and accounting records. Brands also offer the firm legal protection for unique features or aspects of the product. Finally, brands signal a certain level of quality so that satisfied buyers can easily choose the product again. 2. What are the two basic approaches to measuring brand equity? Ans: The indirect approach assesses potential sources of brand equity by identifying and tracking consumer brand knowledge structures. The direct approach assesses the actual impact of brand knowledge on consumer responses to different aspects of the marketing. 3. From a marketing management perspective, there are three main sets of brand equity drivers. List these factors. Ans: The initial choices for the brand element or identities making up the brand. The way the brand is integrated into the supporting marketing program. The associations indirectly transferred to the brand by linking the brand to some other entity. 4. What are the six criteria used to choose brand elements? Explain each of these. Ans:- 1. Memorable – how easily is the brand element recalled and recognized. 2. Meaningful – to what extent is the brand element credible and suggestive of the corresponding category? 3. Likeability – how aesthetically appealing do consumers find the brand element? 4. Transferable – can the brand element be used to introduce new products in the same or different categories? 5. Adaptable – how adaptable and updatable is the brand element. 6. Protectable – how legally protectable is the brand element? How competitively protectable is it? Can it be copied? 5. Discuss the four general strategies used in choosing a brand name. What are the advantages to each of these strategies? Ans:- ? First, a company can use an individual name strategy. This way the company does not tie its reputation to the product’s. If the product fails or appears to have a low quality the company’s image is not hurt. ? A second strategy is to use blanket family names. By using this strategy, there is no need for â€Å"name† research or heavy advertising to create brand-name recognition; this reduces initial development costs. ? A third strategy is to use separate family names for all products. This works best for companies that produce quite different products and one blanket family name is not desirable. ? Finally, a company can use the corporate name combined with individual product names as a branding strategy. The company name legitimizes and the individual name individualizes the new product. You read "Branding: Marketing and Answer" in category "Essay examples" 6. The Marketing Insight – Applying Permission Marketing, presents the practice of permission marketing as an important tool for building customer loyalty. List the five steps which Seth Godin, a pioneer in the technique, has identified as important in creating effective permission marketing. Ans:-   Godin identifies the following 5 steps: Offer the prospect an incentive to volunteer (e. g. , free sample, sales promotion, or contest). Offer the interested prospect a curriculum over time that teaches the consumer about the product or service. Reinforce the incentive to guarantee that the prospect maintains the permission. Offer additional incentives to get more permission from the consumer. Over time, leverage the permission to change consumer behaviour toward profits. Chapter-10: MCQ’s and short questions: 1. ____ is the act of designing the company’s offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the mind of the target market. Your Answer:| Positioning | 2. Companies can gain a strong competitive advantage through having better-trained people. This is called _____. Your Answer:| personnel differentiation | 3. _____ pass through four stages: distinctiveness, emulation, mass fashion, and decline. Your Answer:| Fashions | 4. In a _____ pattern of the pr oduct life cycle, sales grow rapidly when the product is first introduced and then fall to a â€Å"petrified† level. Your Answer:| growth-slump-maturity | 5. The _____ stage is marked by a rapid climb in sales. Your Answer:| growth | 6. During the _____ stage sales slow down creating over-capacity in the industry, which leads to intensified competition. Your Answer:| maturity | 7. During the _____ stage sales and profits decline and some firms withdraw from the market. Your Answer:| decline | 8. _____ calls for gradually reducing a product and business’s costs while trying to maintain sales. Your Answer:| Harvesting | 9. If a new product sells well, new firms will enter the market, ushering in a(n) _____ stage. Your Answer:| market-growth | 10. Eventually, when competitors cover and serve all the major market segments the market enters the _____ stage. Your Answer:| maturity | 11. A company may follow the strategies of deletion, harvesting, or contracting in the _______ stage. Your Answer:| decline | 12. Creating the image of a â€Å"delivered pizza† rather than a â€Å"frozen pizza† category for McCain’s pizza is an example of _______. Your Answer:| positioning | 13. Attributes or benefits consumers strongly associate with a brand, such as FedEx-guaranteed overnight delivery-are called _____. Your Answer:| points-of-difference | 14. Associations that are not necessarily unique to the brand are called _____. Your Answer:| points-of-parity | 15. A _____ is a basic and distinctive mode of expression appearing in a field of human endeavour. Your Answer:| style | 16. During the _____ stage prices remain where they are or fall slightly. Your Answer:| growth | 17. The _____ stage divides into three phases: growth, stable, and decaying maturity. Your Answer:| maturity | 18. During the _____ stage product managers try to stimulate sales by modifying other marketing program elements. Your Answer:| maturity | 19. During the _____ stage firms may withdraw from smaller market segments and weaker trade channels. Your Answer:| decline | 20. _____ is used to milk the firm’s investments to recover cash quickly in the decline stage. Your Answer:| Harvesting | 21. In a _____ strategy a new product can be designed to meet the preferences of one of the corners of the market. Your Answer:| single-niche | 22. Which of the following is not a key desirability for PODs? Your Answer:| Feasibility | Short Questions: Chapter-10: 1. What are the three key consumer desirability criteria for POD’s (points-of-difference)? Ans:- 1. Relevance – target consumers must find the POD personally relevant and important. 2. Distinctiveness – target consumers must find the POD distinctive and superior. 3. Believability – target consumers must find the POD believable and credible. 2. What are the four stages in the Product Life Cycle? Describe what happens at each stage. Ans:- ? In the first stage, introduction, the product experiences slow sales growth as the product is introduced in the market. In the second stage, growth, there is a period of rapid market acceptance and substantial profit improvement. ? In the third stage, maturity, the product experiences a slowdown in sales growth, profits stabilize or decline because of increased competition. ? And in the fourth and final stage, decline, sales show a downward drift and profits erode. 3. Companies can gain a strong competitive advantage through better trained people. List some of the characteristics of better-trained personnel, and give some illustrative examples. Ans:-   Competence – they possess the required skill and knowledge Courtesy – they are friendly, respectful, and considerate Credibility – they are trustworthy Reliability – they perform the service consistently and accurately Responsiveness – they respond quickly to customers’ requests and problems Communication – they make an effort to understand the customer and communicate clearly Some examples of the above: Singapore Airlines – excellent reputation in large part because of its flight attendants McDonald’s people are courteous IBM people are professional Disney people are upbeat. . What are the three main ways to convey a brand’s category membership? Ans:- 1. Announcing category benefits — benefits are frequently used to announce category membership to reassure consumers that a brand will deliver. 2. Comparing to exemplars — well known noteworthy brands in a category can also be used to specify category membership. 3. Relying on the product descriptor — the product descriptor that follows the brand name is often a concise means of conveying category origin. 5. What five strategies are available to firms in declining industries? Ans:- 1. Increasing the firm’s investments. 2. Maintaining the firm’s investment level until the uncertainties about the industry are resolved. 3. Decreasing the firm’s investment level selectively by dropping unprofitable customer groups and simultaneously strengthening the firm’s investment in lucrative niches. 4. Harvesting the firm’s investment to recover cash quickly. 5. Divesting the business quickly by disposing of its assets as advantageously as possible. 6. Define and discuss the concepts of points-of-parity (pop) and points-of-difference (pod). Use examples to illustrate your discussion. Ans:-   Points-of-Difference (PODs) are attributes or benefits consumers strongly associate with a brand, positively evaluate, and believe that they could not find to the same extent with a competitive brand. Strong, favourable, and unique brand associations that make up PODs may be based on virtually any type of attribute or benefit. Examples are FedEx (guaranteed overnight delivery), Nike (performance), and Lexus (quality. ) Points-of-Parity (POPs) are associations that are not necessarily unique to the brand but may be shared with other brands. They come in two basic forms: category and competitive. Category POPs are associations consumers view as essential to be a legitimate and credible offering within a certain product or service category. They represent necessary conditions for brand choice. They may change over time due to technological advances, legal developments, or consumer trends, but they are the ‘greens fees’ to play the marketing game. Competitive POPs are associations designed to negate competitors’ PODs. If a brand can ‘break even’ in those areas where the competitors are trying to find an advantage and also can achieve advantages in other areas, the brand should be in a strong, and even unbeatable, competitive position. Chapter-13: MCQ’s and short questions: 1. A distinct characteristic of services is _____. Your Answer:| intangibility | 2. Services are typically produced and consumed simultaneously. This is an example of the _____ characteristic of services. Your Answer:| inseparability | 3. Services cannot be stored. This describes the _____ characteristic of services. Your Answer:| perishability | 4. _____ describes employees’ skills in serving the client. Your Answer:| Interactive marketing | 5. SSTS refers to _____. Your Answer:| self-service technologies | 6. Top firms audit service performance by collecting _____ measurements to probe customer satisfiers and dissatisfiers. Your Answer:| voice of the customer | 7. The services a customer expects are called the _____ service package. Your Answer:| primary | 8. Added features to an offering are called _____ service features. Your Answer:| secondary | 9. The intangibility of services has implications for the choice of _____. Your Answer:| brand elements | 10. _____ cost refers to the product’s purchase cost plus the discounted cost of maintenance and repair less the discounted salvage value. Your Answer:| Life cycle | 11. According to Parasuraman, Zeithaml Benny, the most important determinant of service quality is: Your Answer:| Reliability | 12. An offering that consists primarily of a tangible good with no services at all is considered a _____. Your Answer:| pure tangible good | 13. A restaurant is an example of a(n) _____. Your Answer:| hybrid | 14. _____ refers to the willingness to help customers and to provide prompt service. Your Answer:| Responsiveness | 15. _____ refers to the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence. Your Answer:| Assurance | 16. _____ refers to the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. Your Answer:| Reliability | 17. Mystery shoppers refer to the use of _____. Your Answer:| undercover shoppers | 18. Customers often view a service as fairly homogeneous, caring less about the provider than the price. Service marketers must therefore _____ their services. Your Answer:| differentiate | 19. Marriott is setting up hotel rooms for high-tech travelers who need accommodations that will support computers, fax machines, and e-mail. These are examples of _____ service features. Your Answer:| secondary | 20. _____ extensions often require sub-branding strategies where the corporate name is combined with an individual brand name or modifier. Your Answer:| Vertical | 21. Services such as installations, staff training, maintenance, and repair services and financing are called _____ services. Your Answer:| facilitating | 22. Ritz-Carlton Hotels’ legendary service is an example of which one of the following distinct characteristic of service? Your Answer:| Intangibility | Short Questions: 1. What are the five categories of offerings in the product-service mix? Ans:- 1. Pure tangible good – the offering consists primarily of a tangible good, no services accompany the product. 2. Tangible good with accompanying services – the offering consists of a tangible good accompanied by one or more services. 3. Hybrid – the offering consists of equal parts of goods and services. 4. Major service with accompanying minor goods and services – the offering consists of a major service along with additional services or supporting goods. 5. Pure service – the offering consists primarily of a service. . What are the five determinants of service quality in order of importance? Ans:- 1. Reliability – the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. 2. Responsiveness – the willingness to help customers and to provide prompt service. 3. Assurance – the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey tr ust and confidence. 4. Empathy – the provision of caring, individualized attention to customers. 5. Tangibles – the appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and communication materials. 3. Holistic marketing for services requires external, internal, and interactive marketing. Define these terms. Ans:-   External marketing describes the normal work of preparing, pricing, distributing, and promoting the service to customers. Internal marketing describes training and motivating employees to serve customers well. Interactive marketing describes the employees’ skill in serving the client. Clients judge service not only by its technical quality (e. g. , was the surgery successful? ) but also by its functional quality (e. g. , did the surgeon show concern and inspire confidence? ). How to cite Branding: Marketing and Answer, Essay examples

My Autobiography Hoping to Change the World Essay Example For Students

My Autobiography Hoping to Change the World Essay Ive always been told that I was going to be a failure and nothing but a big disappointment. However, I didnt let the negative comments keep me from succeeding. Graduation night was one of the happiest moment of my life. At that moment, I proved myself to everyone who was against me. I see myself as an overcomer and a determined young lady, whose plans are to succeed. All worldly things put aside, Im not religious, but I believe that there is a God. I think that not only has my relationship with Christ has become better, but my mind, heart, and soul is stronger. I am an outgoing, outspoken, and a curious person. If I have a question I will not hesitate to ask. Around my friends, Im the sarcastic, yet serious person that cheers everybody up. I just try to take all the hostile situations and turn them into laughable moments. Maintaining my physical, mental, and emotional well-being, are key parts to how I see myself. So I make time for them equally throughout my day. I work out everyday, twice a day, with my friend, Char, so my physical well-being is improving. I go to God for my mental and emotional well-being, because I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me. Im very opened minded, so the things Im interested in have no limits. Some of the basic things I enjoy doing are singing, laughing, reading, and I love outdoors activities. My talents vary Im a great listener, observer, and very comprehensive. How I present myself and act around people is very important to me. I exercise my manners by being respectful and considerate. I trust everyone until you give me a reason to do otherwise. Everybody is entitled to their own opinion. I learned a long time ago that no matter what you do, people are going to always have something negative to say about you. I think other people see me as a hilarious, friendly, and very blunt person who has goals set to achieve. My ideal self consists of God completely taking over my life, and showing me my purpose for living. I want him to install in me patience and understanding. I want this person to be in a position to spark a fire in people hearts. She will stand firm in what she believes in, and let no temptation subdue her. She will not lead people into damnation, but help in their deliverance from evil. I was born in San Diego, California. I have 14 brothers and sisters. My family moved around a lot because my dad was in the Marines. I didnt have the best childhood growing up; I experience physical and mental abuse after my dad died. My dad was my source of security. I knew when he was around I was untouchable, but when he died my life seemed to make a turn for the wrong. My mother affection towards my seem to decrease over the years. She kicked me out when I was 12, and no way to support myself, I was tossed from place to place. As I previously mentioned, I was tossed from house to house. At age fifteenth, my grandparents took me in. They worked to ensure I had all the necessities a young teenager needed. I became who I am now from them teaching me lessons, from the Bible. Life appeared to be getting better until, my grandmother died from stage four cancer. My grandpa, suffering from alzheimer, was forced to reside in a nursing home. Afterwards, I had no choice, but to move in with my mom. My mom stayed in a tiny community, named Shiloh. It was woods on top of more woods. Everyone within five-thousand feet of each other were related. I had no friends and sat in my room all day reading. .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15 , .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15 .postImageUrl , .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15 , .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15:hover , .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15:visited , .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15:active { border:0!important; } .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15:active , .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15 .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6d645bce89c6143ab25ba5fbcad15e15:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Wuthering Heights6 EssayMy education plays a vast role in my life. I was always active in extracurricular activities like, volunteer, debate, and tutoring clubs. I enjoyed school, and work came easy to me. I competed in many academic contest and I won numerous awards. I worked very hard to get accepted into the college of my dream, University of Pine Bluff. All my hard work paid off in the end when I was accepted into UAPB. I am now a freshman at the University, working to get my degree in Criminal Justice. Im planning on getting an internship while Im in school and graduating with a 4. . After graduating, I want to go back to school to further my degree, and become a crim inologist. I want to get a job working with the BAU, traveling all over the world, solving crimes. I know that the future is not promised to me, but Im always thinking positive things about it. In five years, I want all my student loans to be paid back, because you really cant save money until you out of debt. In ten years,I see myself married and with children. My future consists of me learning my purpose and putting it to use. I want to change the world.

Street Racing Essay Example Essay Example

Street Racing Essay Example Paper Street Racing Essay Introduction Street racing is a type of automotive racing that takes place on public roads. According to Wikipedia (2006) â€Å"the street racers conduct their activities either during normal traffic or during empty hours of traffic. This is often happening within the industrial areas of cities. This form of racing is illegal such that driving is prohibited by many traffic regulations.†The law prohibits these races (McClurgs, 2001), chase and pursue the violators. â€Å"But because of the frequency of the illegal street racing, most of the time, the racers either are not caught or they get away (Wikipedia, 2006).† â€Å"Speeds in an illegal street race can reach over 200 miles per hour. Car crashes can and do occur (Lopez, 2001).†The most common form of street racing in the US is a drag race of modified stock cars. According to Wikipedia (2006), â€Å"this is usually held late at night on straight public roads with very low traffic that are often illegally closed by the race organizers.†Wikipedia (2006) further explained that â€Å"professional drag racers who race on sanctioned drag strips often object to the use of the term drag race to describe an event of this type. The motivations behind illegal street races are many.† â€Å"For instance, lack of a nearby drag strip, the temptation of illegality street racing which could be interrupted by a police squad any time, or just the similarity to a day to day situations at a traffic light are some of the motivations (McClurgs, 2001).†Street racing is also a growing business. These street racers are consumers of a billion dollar aftermarket tuning industry. They are also the big market in the automotive industry. Street races can also occur on expressways and highways, like in Japan. The most notorious group to be associated with it was the MidNight Club who gave street racing a worldwide attention with its 198 mph (300 km/h) antics. The group was known for its high standards and organi zation. But in 1999, they were disbanded following a fatal accident involving a competing group of motorcyclists. Presently, with heavier punishments, patrolling police cars and speed cameras, expressway racing in Japan is not as common as it was during the 80’s and 90’s. However, street racing still occurs in Japan on a regular basis (McClurgs, 2001).The blackracers, is a legal street races that occurs in some places This is not the same as road racing. It is strictly an amateur sport with road legal vehicles. Usually the races are done on a closed road and run on time and not against another vehicle (Wikipedia, 2006). The most famous blackracer is the annual Silver State Classic. In Japan, racers slide around the corners of remote winding mountain passes (Wikipedia, 2006). This sports is called Touge. Touge is the origin of drifting (Lopez, 2001).Street races occur all over the United States. It is almost inevitable that street races will occur anywhere there are pub lic roads. Unsanctioned racing with unknown participants on an unknown course for an unknown duration is the most common type of road racing sport. A contest may last seconds or many hours. The informal events have the common characteristic that the car in front at the finish wins, the leading car chooses the course, and the finish is when the stalking car quits.Some states have more active racing scenes than others. For instance, there is a strong racing culture in Southern California, which centers quite heavily around imports, as well as such American muscle cars as the Ford Mustang, Dodge Charger, and Chevrolet Camaro. There are also very active street racing cultures in New York, Florida, New Jersey, Nevada and Texas. In some cases, the popularity has led to tough anti-street racing laws which give more strict punishments than normal traffic citations and also often dedicated anti-racing task forces.In the year 2005, a law in Tennessee that was passed prohibited cars to have Ni trous Oxide hooked up or even present inside a car, among other performance enhancers. Penalties include impoundment, taking of driver’s license for a period of time or permanently, This came about after a fatal crash in Johnson City, Tennessee (Yates, 2004).The programs like RaceLegal.com, DragNet and others are borne because there is a problem. These programs are also created by people that care about not only the innocent victims who street racers run into, and kill, maim, or burn to death. Most of these programs are run by, and created by the law enforcement.Law enforcers are not out to harass street racers. It may be probable that a number of law enforcement officers would rather let the street racers do their own thing if these street racers would simply do it safely, and not endanger the general public.A number of these street racers have little or no regard for life. Some even have no driving experience. These racers see all the hype of street racing on television but some of them do not have a clue that, they, do not even come close, to having the experience and expertise it takes to become a ‘true’ racer. The ‘true’ racer uses a legal track not the streets. I am in favor of a mandatory five years sentence for the street racers violators along with the same amount of time with a suspended license. The second offence should be a total life time ban of their driving privileges. Driving is a privilege, not a right, so as citizens we have the right to expect a safe commute to and from our destinations without having these street racers interrupting it or killing people (Smith, 1996).The law breakers are not being slap on the wrists and put them in community service but they are given a five year sentence for speeding in town. I do not think that that is harsh. It is true that there are more deaths by Drunk Driving than Street Racing. But at the rate this going it won’t be long before Street Racing catches up. Some p eople think that only the people Street Racing get hurt or killed. It is not true. There have been many innocent lives lost to Street Racing.Street racing has been around since the first car rolled off the assembly line. Nowadays, the cars are faster and the drivers are younger. Places like Qualcomm and Carlsbad are helping to decrease street racing, but since they are not open at later hours, they can’t do it all. Street racing will never cease. It is American as apple pie. By opening more places to race and/or keeping current tracks open later, the street racing will decrease more. Instead of persecuting everyone that has a fast looking car, people should try to come up with ways to help (Ryan, 1998).Street racing done on city streets is illegal. You can be hurt or killed or even hurt or kill someone else. These are not merely speculations that some might say could happen. They have happened and continue to happen everyday due to those people who think that it is cool or fu n to race cars on the streets. Nationwide statistics have shown that almost fifty people in every one thousand who are participating in street racing, are killed. That is a lot of young people that would be alive today if not for illegal street racing (Smith, 1996).If you are caught street racing, there are stiff penalties. Your can be arrested and spend as much as three months in jail, and your car be impounded for up to thirty days. You will also be charged with a fine of up to $1,000 while your driver’s license is revoked and your insurance can be cancelled. Onlookers are also fined and their cars impounded as well.Street racing is a big problem. Places to legally race should be a priority. Even if there are only a few places, at least there are choices on the places that the street racing should take place. The driving time is truly worth your life, and the life of anyone who might be hit while racing on a public street.For as long as these young people are merely trying to have fun it will be a good hobby. It will be a good thing if one of these street racers could be the next Jimmie Johnson. It will be a good project if a racetrack will be built for all these young people to go race until their heart’s content. It would keep street racing off the road and the anti-fun crowd would maybe stop their whining. Likewise, it would give the potential future Nascar stars a place to race and have fun.But at this period, the bottom line is that street racing, while it might seem like fun, it is illegal. Stubbornly continuing these illegal street racing may completely change your life in the short time that it takes to start up that car and take off. There are many proofs of these. Just turn on the television, listen to the radio, read newspapers, magazines, books, etc., there are enormous instances that will remind us how dangerous and destructive street racing is. You can even ask those who now speak out about the dangers of street racing from their hospital beds or their prison cells (Yates, 2004).However, it is interesting to note that street racers do have options. They can race legally on the race tracks that provide them with a certain amount of safety and peace of mind. Think about these professional racers that are seen on television. These are the people that most of those involved in illegal street racing are trying to mimic. Yet, they have never seen these folks racing on a city street. Their racing takes place on a track and so should the others.Racing’s prevailing attitude in this country toward safety begins with the waiver. Everyone signs a waiver before they get a racing license or go through the back gate at any track in the United States of America. It is possible that no one ever reads it. However, they all know what the waiver says – that racing is dangerous. One can meet death doing street racing. When someone gets hurt, racers shuffle their feet, shrug their shoulders, and mentally review the waiver they have never read.Therefore, it is really a must that when you enter any activity, precaution should be taken into consideration. Study the waiver. Study the advantages and the disadvantages of any endeavor that you will enter into. Also, put in place all the necessary safety gadgets and documents.But better than all these, when an activity is considered illegal, better refrain from indulging in it. This is very important to preserve the life of the others who might be accidentally hurt because of street racing, but also, in preserving the racers’ own life. Street Racing Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Public Affair Class Summary #8 Example

Public Affair Class Summary #8 Example Public Affair Class Summary #8 – Essay Example Midterm Political Ads That Worked, and Why Advertising yourself in a political campaign is important because it connectsyou with the electorates. One of the recent best ways of advertising is through ads. But the outcome will depend on how your message connects to the electorate and how you framed the opponent. An example is that, Mrs. Ernst and Mr. Roberts used the ads in their campaigns, the ads convened a lot of messages that later defined the campaign. The Cost of CampaignsThere have been numerous debates on the cost of running campaigns and how political parties should get funded. A lot of these questions were raised after the Watergate scandal, in which it is believed corrupt money managed to drive President Nixon into power. If campaign funding is not regulated, large corporation will pour money into campaigns so that they will have a say in government hence taking most of the government jobs, this will then disadvantages those who cannot afford to raise the funds. Agenda-Sett ing, Priming, and framing Revisited: Another look at Cognitive Effects of Political Communication. Original formulation of agenda setting hypothesis was phrased more like a speculative idea, to construct a more comprehensive theoretical model, Weaver, McCombs, and Shaw suggested that priming and framing should be seen as natural extension of agenda setting. The three, priming, framing, and agenda setting, was combined into a single theoretical framework, this was based on assumption that when theory is integrated, it will become desirable. Are Super PACs Harming U.S. Politics?PAC gained popularity in U.S after a Supreme Court ruling that government should not prohibit independent spending by corporations and unions for political gains. Another ruling from the federal court that involve a case between Speechnow.org v. Federal Election Commission, was that no limit should be put on contributors who are funding groups that carry out independent expenditures. PAC is now running campaign s that support certain candidates and campaigns are running into billions of dollars. Opponents of PAC argue that a lot of money is spending on campaigns while proponents argue that free speech is protected by the law. Chapter 10The current democratic governments have certain laws that can differentiate between appropriate and inappropriate public relation activities. Even with that, it is still hard to draw a line between appropriate communications and odious propaganda. People who engage in public relations exercise should always be aware of dangers that will result from crossing the line. In U.S government, there are several legal prohibitions and related political norms found in the constitution that guides the citizens who may not be in the federal level on what to look after and consider in government. ReferencesLee, M., Neeley, G. & Stewart, K. (Eds.). (2012). The practice of government public relations. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis Group. Dietram, A.S. Agenda-setting, priming, and framing revisited: another look at cognitive effects of political communication. Mass communication and society. 2000, 3(2), 297-316Clyde, H. The Cost of Campaigns. New York Times. Oct. 19, 2014Lynn, V. Midterm Political Ads That Worked, and Why. New York Times. Nov. 5, 2014Are Super PACs Harming U.S. Politics? Debate club. Available at usnews.com/debate-club/are-super-pacs-harming-us-politics

Analysis of the Old Love Tradition Illustrated In Poems by Chaucer

Analysis of the Old Love Tradition Illustrated In Poems by Chaucer Courtly Love in Chaucer’s poetry Chaucer’s literature was spread across many different spheres of interest throughout his life, often focussing on society and religion. An observer of his own social group, he wrote satirical interpretations of those surrounding him, subverting the traditional writing styles of Beowulf (900AD-1100AD), Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (14th century) and even Petrarch (1304-1374), into something that was almost similar to social commentary. Chaucer’s relationship with the courtly love tradition is interesting to examine because of its fluctuating nature; his attitude to courtly love in his earlier writing is very different to the presentation of courtly love in The Canterbury Tales . The woman presented in A Complaint to his Lady is very different for instance to the woman of The Miller’s Tale (who arguably is not so much a heroine of courtly love) in that she is very distant, and rebuts his advances, whilst Alison in The Miller’s Tale is open to the men†™s proposals to gain her affections. Therefore one can assume Chaucer’s intentions in writing the poem are ambiguous at best; it is challenging to decide whether Chaucer uses a satirical presentation of courtly love, or whether he is genuinely adhering to the concept of both courtly love and the chivalric tradition. The tradition of courtly love is based around five elements, which define the relationship between the two participants. The love was primarily a relationship between aristocratic men and women, and was often adulterous. The relationship would be conducted in secret and would often involve the ritualistic exchange of gifts. The final defining element of the affair was the flouting of rigid courtly marriage, which was often only formed for political and financial reasons. Glorification of this kind of extramarital affair was found in songs of gallant knights and their fair ladies, and led to the spread of this kind of relationship in the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The poem itself represents the prescribed courtly love heroine; however its adherence to the protocol of the tradition is variable. The portrait of the traditional courtly love heroine can be found in Prologue of The Canterbury Tales In the description of the prioress, we are told her ‘nose was elegant, her eyes glass-grey; Her mouth was very small, but soft and red, Her forehead, certainly, was fair of spread†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. This represents her noble features, and her eyes are a metaphor for her treatment of her lover; the courtly love heroine rarely acknowledged the advances of her lover and instead, gives only the merest hint that she shares his feelings. The ‘glassy’ nature of the heroine’s eyes shows a degree of superficiality in the relationship between the man and woman; perhaps even an emptiness of character, even a lack of personality where the heroine becomes a mechanism for the man to project his idealistic feelings upon. A Complaint to his Lady is a poem written from a man directly to a woman whom he clearly adores, detailing his struggle for her affections, and how she is causing him a considerable amount of torment. For example the line ‘so desepaired I am from alle bliss,’ shows an almost self-pitying lamentation that continues until the beginning of part III. The third part of the poem sees the narrator confessing that ‘I can but love hir best, my swete fo;’ which symbolises a sweetness previously absent, a sweetness connected to his love for her, which changes the tone of the poem. The poem takes the form of a monologue; whilst he appears to be talking to his lady, it becomes obvious that she is not there, or is at least unresponsive, and therefore one can presume he is alone. The main element of the poem is distance and suffering, created by this woman, regardless of his devotion to her. Chaucer here represents love as a kind of poison, shown by his statement ‘Th us am I slayn with Loves fyry dart!’, and subsequently leaving the protagonist unable to understand her treatment of him; ‘love hath taught me no more of his art’. The perspective of the protagonist changes as the poem progresses, beginning with establishing the circumstances in which he is in love with her, and then moving on to describe the manner in which she treats him. The quotation ‘The more I love, the more she doth me smerte’ represents the paradoxical effect of the courtly love; the woman will appear to grow more distant. At the beginning of part III, the protagonist describes his woman as ‘Faire Rewtheless’; this is revealing about her mannerisms and ‘Rewtheless’ represents a cold attitude, is very similar to the eyes of the prioress which are described as ‘eyes glass-grey’. The fourth section of the poem is the longest, and represents the efforts of the protagonist to glean some kind of response from his woman. He compares his own shortcomings with her ‘gentileness and debonairtee’, and almost sarcastically states that he is not worthy of her service. Chaucer states tha t ‘Thogh that I be unconnyng and unmete, to serve, as I coude best, ay your hynesse,’ says that even though he is uncouth and unkempt, he would serve the woman as best as he could. This over exaggerated display of emotion implies that the poem could be satirical; however because there is no comparative character, or change of theme, one cannot be sure of Chaucer’s intention regarding the poem. It is interesting that he refers to the lady as a queen, therefore of higher status than himself reinforcing the idea that she has become almost demigod-like, given it is likely that they would have belonged to the same social strata. Part of the attraction of courtly love was the extravagance and exaggeration of action; for women of this period, they would have been repressed for most of their lives, constantly adhering to rules enforced by the crown, or perhaps their own family, and this affair was a rebellion against normality for them, almost a liberating experience. Th e final stanza of the poem, the protagonist proposes an ultimatum of sorts; to grant him some kind of pity, (i.e. respond in some way to his advances), otherwise nothing, no bliss, nor hope will dwell in his troubled heart. From a modern day point of view, the poem becomes repetitive, and the concept appears false; however at the time of writing, this level of extravagance was not uncommon and therefore from a historical perspective, the poem is likely to be a good example of typical courtly love poetry, such as that of Petrarch and Boccaccio. The presentation of the heroine in this poem is comparable with other courtly love heroines in Chaucer’s tales, in particular Alison, from the Miller’s Tale, Pertelote, The Nun’s Priests Tale, The Prioress, The Prologue and Criseyde, Troilus and Criseyde. Criseyde is very similar to the Prioress in many ways; however is assertive in her role as a courtly love heroine, playing an active part in the poem, demonstrated by book III, verse 115. She states ‘Alas, I would have though, whoever told, such tales of me, my sweetheart would not hold, Me false so easily’, showing perhaps a more effective, realistic heroine than the woman in A Complaint to his Lady. In contrast, courtly heroes often use hyperbole to attempt to convey the depth of the affection they feel towards their women, for example when Chaucer’s protagonist says ‘But I, my lyf and deeth, to yow obeye’ (My life and death, to you obey). This essentially states that she has total control over his heart; a fairly typical declaration within courtly love poetry; Boccaccio used many similar assertions in his novel Elegia di Madonna Fiammetta . The courtly love hero is often of a noble disposition, as demonstrated by book I, verse 27 of Troilus and Criseyde. The knightly element of courtly love can be exemplified by earlier literature, such as the description of King Arthur in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, written in the fourteenth century, around the same time as A Complaint to his Lady. The nobleness of the courtly gentleman is described in Lines 85-88 of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, when the author describes Arthur himself, as ‘Bot Arthure wolde not ete til al were served, He was so joly of his joyfness and sumquat childgered, His lif liked hym light, he lovied the lass’ (Line 85-88). Paraphrased, the above means â€Å"But Arthur would not eat until all were served. He was so youthfully gay and somewhat boyish, he liked an active life .† The general sense of courtly love therefore is a noble relationship outside convention, between a lady and gentleman; the woman is typically more distant while the man ritualistically tries to ‘woo’ her, using any means necessary, and in the case of A Complaint to his Lady, suffers immensely due to the depth of his love for her. Throughout A Complaint to his Lady, the protagonist changes his opinion concerning who is to be blamed for his affliction; in the first two stanzas, he blames himself for becoming so attached, but then unsatisfied with this, blames the emotion of love itself for his sadness. Eventually however he reaches the conclusion that it is her ruthlessness, described as ‘thogh ye never wil upon me rewe, I moste yow love and been ever as trewe’, that causes him so much pain. Chaucer here portrays a hero who will eagerly fall in ‘love’ with a woman, however will be unable to control his own emotions. This degree of instability coupled with obvious exaggeration of his feelings causes us to question whether he is a satirical figure, but also if the nature of this love is genuine as opposed to merely a whim. His status as a courtly love hero is also questionable, because he is portrayed as an ineffectual character as opposed to a gallant, noble member of the court. Assuming there are five main elements of courtly love, many of those should be found in the poem. The most prominent element of courtly love in the poem is the aspect of aristocracy, presented by the protagonist’s placement of himself in servitude to the woman. On numerous occasions he places himself below her, begging her not to ‘from your service dryve’. There is very little in the way of ritualism in the poem to suggest that the couple share gifts or even any kind of relationship at all; Chaucer uses language in such a way that it infers she barely is aware of his existence. This presents the reader with a quandary especially regarding the purpose of the poem. Secrecy of their affair is not alluded to at any point in the poem; this perhaps represents the ambiguity of what has thus far occurred between them, and perhaps therefore it does not follow the tradition in that the relationship (if it can be defined as such) is not adulterous, as far as we can tell. In order to establish this, it may be useful to examine Chaucer’s own life, and his personal situation at this point . In 1368, Chaucer was married to Philippa Roet, a lady in waiting to the Queen, and was an esquire to the house of Edward III. He had also had a son, named Thomas, born in 1367. This information is useful in terms of a biographical perspective on the poem. Chaucer was still a young man at the point of writing A Complaint to his Lady (aged 24) and it is conceivable that the poem was written on a personal basis, detailing some kind of affair he himself was having at the time. This knowledge is useful, because therefore if the poem is autobiographical, the lady he is speaking of is obviously not his wife, thus fulfilling the extramarital nature of a courtly love relationship as presented in the poem. Without any biographical knowledge however there is no mention of any other relationship, which causes the reader to question the very essence of ‘fine love’ in that we can find very little evidence for it from the poem alone. There are however some isolated elements of the trad ition found in the poem, however whether they culminate in a traditional courtly love ritual poem is dubious. The structure of the poem is revealing in terms of the intention behind its writing; the changing forms, and inconsistency present the reader with an almost unfinished poem, sufficiently unrefined to justify this assertion. There are three main changes of form; parts I and II are written in rhyme royal. Part II however does not strictly adhere to the concept of rhyme royal and contains elements of terza rima. Part III sees the complete transition from rhyme royal to terza rima; iambic tercets make the poem sound more rhythmic than it had been previously. After part III however the form of the poem turns into decasyllabic lines, with stanzas being largely ten lines long, with the exception of stanzas eight and nine, which are nine and eight lines long respectively. The final part of the poem is the least rigidly formatted, and has an irregular rhyme scheme. One of the main rhyme patterns of the final section is AABAABCDDC, however not all stanzas follows this pattern. This inconsisten cy therefore is important in ascertaining the writer’s literary capability, almost the level of sophistication his work had reached at the time he’d written the poem. If one were only to examine the structural cohesion of the poem, then one could conclude he was still very much a developing poet. The rhyme scheme of parts I-III is fairly regular because it adheres to two poetic forms, rhyme royal and terza rima . The use of rhyme royal was a fairly common pattern to use during this period, and often was used in less sophisticated rhyming poetry of the time. Chaucer’s use of terza rima however allows the reader insight into the influence of the courtly love tradition on the poem in that in order to use the form, Chaucer would have had to be exposed to it, in its original format by its patrons, at some point during his missions to Europe. In Italy at this point, Petrarch and Boccaccio especially were writing poetry that was very heavily focussed on the tradition of courtly love, experimenting with terza rima; exposure to this may have prompted Chaucer to write A Complaint to his Lady, and to view the poem as an experiment would add credibility to the idea that Chaucer was still developing as a poet, and therefore his ideas were still unrefined, thus explaining the poemâ €™s content. Why Chaucer did not choose to finish the poem in this manner is unknown. There was usually no prescribed rhyme scheme used in the courtly love tradition, except the obvious assumption that it should rhyme. From the composition of the poem one can assume that Chaucer’s influences were mixed; his travels to Italy influenced his work, as demonstrated by the use of terza rima and the protocols he follows when addressing his lady. Another influence of folklore becomes apparent through the emotions he claims to feel regarding her, and the influence of the knightly tales as demonstrated by the noble tone of ‘For neither pitee, mercy, neither grace’. The structure of this poem in comparison with later works shows more of an experimental motivation; for instance, in The Miller’s Tale the structure is simple; rhyming couplets and one long, extended stanza. This structure therefore adds far more focus to the plot as opposed to the intricacies of rhyme. The Canterbury Tales were also intended for an audience, to be performed verbally; wheth er A Complaint to his Lady was intended for public consumption may affect whether the tradition of courtly love actually forms the basis of the poem, because usually, poems written for personal courtship would not be shared with the wider public. The lack of aural consideration in the poem creates the impression that the poem was not supposed to be performed for the general public, even though the concept of ‘fine love’ was very popular in folklore of the time. The Canterbury Tales were however written to be performed verbally; several paintings of Chaucer performing his poetry exist, including â€Å"Chaucer at the Court of Edward III† . Graphological interpretation of the poem is difficult because by modern standards, it is fragmented and inconsistent; however, there are some features of the poem that define certain elements. For example, Chaucer frequently uses commas, which adds to the internal monologue effect he uses, causing the reader to feel as though we are entering conversation with him. This presents a paradox in terms of stylistic quality because the reader almost feels intrusive, whilst being ‘spoken’ to at the same time. ‘This hevy lif I lede, lo, For your sake’ for example is paradoxical because Chaucer is apparently addressing his lady, and yet appears to be addressing the reader in a simplistic sense because of the use of the second person, personal pronoun of ‘you’. There are also several questions used in the poem, which again engages the reader, making it more accessible to an audience. An example of this is ‘Allas, whan shal that harde wit amende?†™ which is a kind of ponderous question. It includes no specific address however invites the reader to respond in some way. In terms of language and lexical choices, the poem is far easier to comprehend than when considering grammar. Broadly, the poem uses three semantic fields; that evolving around the tradition of courtly love, beauty and other such finery, one of religion based ideas, and one of servitude and self deprecation. These are of course very broad spectrums. The field of courtly love is the central theme of the poem, as demonstrated the assertion of ‘gentilnesse and your debonairtee?’ The language used is obviously connected to the overriding theme of the poem. The use of religious imagery is perhaps more interesting; it represents a deep rooted relationship with the social values of the period and perhaps the element of Christianity that was undoubtedly present in the courtly love tradition. The demigod-like presentation of the woman only serves to enhance the enchanting aura that appears to surround the woman in Chaucer’s poem, and because of the depth of religious focus at the time, this was a very powerful feeling to manipulate within poetry itself. The comparison however with the godlike features of the woman, such as his idealisation of her, as in â€Å"Myn hertes lady and hool my lyves queen†, with the position of servitude he finds himself in is bizarre because from a historical point of view, a man is wholly authoritative over a woman. In modern literature, the woman is often seen rejecting the idealisation of the opposite sex due to love, and instead is becoming more internally directed by her own thoughts and emotions. The semantic field of servitude is one common across much of the courtly love poetry experienced; Petrarch, for example regularly wrote so that the role of the man and the woman were reversed; servitude moved from the role of the woman to that of the man, thus subverting tradition and therefore making the concept almost strange to read, if one is in the contextual mindset as the poem demands. The significance of connotation is surprisingly small in this poem because Chaucer was not a great user of metaphor, especially in his earlier poetry; the emergence of figurative language emerged during the age of prescriptivism, from around 1450, some years after his death. Chaucer does use figurative language in some of The Canterbury Tales, however in terms of The Nun’s Priests Tale, the idea of anthropomorphism is more prevalent than metaphor per se. Chaucer’s meaning is very much found at face value; there are wider implications of what he says, however there is little linguistic subtext, in comparison for example with William Shakespeare. There is however much more contextual connotation, in his exploration of the woman and her role in his life, and the religious connections this has. Overall, the poem follows many aspects of the tradition of courtly love, however investigations into form and Chaucer’s personal life may be more revealing about the motivations of the poem; whether the poem was intended for public consumption is unclear, however since the poem appears to be intensely personal, it seems unlikely. Contextually however, rambling tombs of poems dedicated to one’s ‘true love’ were not uncommon; exaggerated gestures of undying love were commonplace particularly in the aristocratic circles in which Chaucer placed himself, and therefore he may have been persuaded to write in this manner by a variety of ‘peer pressure’. The differences between the tradition of courtly love and the poem will be further explored in Part Two, as well as Chaucer’s personal life which may have influenced the degree to which the poem adheres to tradition, and how far it diverges in comparison with The Canterbury Tales.